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| 18 | |
| 19 | <div id="content"> |
| 20 | <h1>Alpha Checkers</h1> |
| 21 | Experimental checkers in addition to the <a href = "available_checks.html"> |
| 22 | Default Checkers</a>. These are checkers with known issues or limitations that |
| 23 | keep them from being on by default. They are likely to have false positives. |
| 24 | Bug reports are welcome but will likely not be investigated for some time. |
| 25 | Patches welcome! |
| 26 | <ul> |
| 27 | <li><a href="#clone_alpha_checkers">Clone Alpha Checkers</a></li> |
| 28 | <li><a href="#core_alpha_checkers">Core Alpha Checkers</a></li> |
| 29 | <li><a href="#cplusplus_alpha_checkers">C++ Alpha Checkers</a></li> |
| 30 | <li><a href="#llvm_alpha_checkers">LLVM Checkers</a></li> |
| 31 | <li><a href="#valist_alpha_checkers">Variable Argument Alpha Checkers</a></li> |
| 32 | <li><a href="#deadcode_alpha_checkers">Dead Code Alpha Checkers</a></li> |
| 33 | <li><a href="#osx_alpha_checkers">OS X Alpha Checkers</a></li> |
| 34 | <li><a href="#security_alpha_checkers">Security Alpha Checkers</a></li> |
| 35 | <li><a href="#unix_alpha_checkers">Unix Alpha Checkers</a></li> |
| 36 | <li><a href="#nondeterminism_alpha_checkers">Non-determinism Alpha Checkers</a></li> |
| 37 | </ul> |
| 38 | |
| 39 | <!-- ============================= clone alpha ============================= --> |
| 40 | |
| 41 | <h3 id="clone_alpha_checkers">Clone Alpha Checkers</h3> |
| 42 | <table class="checkers"> |
| 43 | <colgroup><col class="namedescr"><col class="example"></colgroup> |
| 44 | <thead><tr><td>Name, Description</td><td>Example</td></tr></thead> |
| 45 | |
| 46 | <tbody> |
| 47 | <tr><td><a id="alpha.clone.CloneChecker"><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 48 | alpha.clone.CloneChecker</span><span class="lang"> |
| 49 | (C, C++, ObjC)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 50 | Reports similar pieces of code.</div></div></a></td> |
| 51 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 52 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 53 | void log(); |
| 54 | |
| 55 | int max(int a, int b) { // warn |
| 56 | log(); |
| 57 | if (a > b) |
| 58 | return a; |
| 59 | return b; |
| 60 | } |
| 61 | |
| 62 | int maxClone(int x, int y) { // similar code here |
| 63 | log(); |
| 64 | if (x > y) |
| 65 | return x; |
| 66 | return y; |
| 67 | } |
| 68 | </pre></div></div></td></tr> |
| 69 | </tbody></table> |
| 70 | |
| 71 | <!-- ============================= core alpha ============================= --> |
| 72 | <h3 id="core_alpha_checkers">Core Alpha Checkers</h3> |
| 73 | <table class="checkers"> |
| 74 | <colgroup><col class="namedescr"><col class="example"></colgroup> |
| 75 | <thead><tr><td>Name, Description</td><td>Example</td></tr></thead> |
| 76 | |
| 77 | <tbody> |
| 78 | <tr><td><a id="alpha.core.BoolAssignment"><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 79 | alpha.core.BoolAssignment</span><span class="lang"> |
| 80 | (ObjC)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 81 | Warn about assigning non-{0,1} values to boolean variables.</div></div></a></td> |
| 82 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 83 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 84 | void test() { |
| 85 | BOOL b = -1; // warn |
| 86 | } |
| 87 | </pre></div></div></td></tr> |
| 88 | |
| 89 | |
| 90 | <tr><td><a id="alpha.core.CallAndMessageUnInitRefArg"><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 91 | alpha.core.CallAndMessageUnInitRefArg</span><span class="lang"> |
| 92 | (C, C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 93 | Check for uninitialized arguments in function calls and Objective-C |
| 94 | message expressions.</div></div></a></td> |
| 95 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 96 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 97 | void test(void) { |
| 98 | int t; |
| 99 | int &p = t; |
| 100 | int &s = p; |
| 101 | int &q = s; |
| 102 | foo(q); // warn |
| 103 | } |
| 104 | </pre></div><div class="separator"></div> |
| 105 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 106 | void test(void) { |
| 107 | int x; |
| 108 | foo(&x); // warn |
| 109 | } |
| 110 | </pre></div></div></td></tr> |
| 111 | |
| 112 | |
| 113 | <tr><td><a id="alpha.core.CastSize"><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 114 | alpha.core.CastSize</span><span class="lang"> |
| 115 | (C)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 116 | Check when casting a malloc'ed type T, whether the size is a multiple of the |
| 117 | size of T (Works only with <span class="name">unix.Malloc</span> |
| 118 | or <span class="name">alpha.unix.MallocWithAnnotations</span> |
| 119 | checks enabled).</div></div></a></td> |
| 120 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 121 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 122 | void test() { |
| 123 | int *x = (int *)malloc(11); // warn |
| 124 | } |
| 125 | </pre></div></div></td></tr> |
| 126 | |
| 127 | |
| 128 | <tr><td><a id="alpha.core.CastToStruct"><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 129 | alpha.core.CastToStruct</span><span class="lang"> |
| 130 | (C, C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 131 | Check for cast from non-struct pointer to struct pointer.</div></div></a></td> |
| 132 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 133 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 134 | // C |
| 135 | struct s {}; |
| 136 | |
| 137 | void test(int *p) { |
| 138 | struct s *ps = (struct s *) p; // warn |
| 139 | } |
| 140 | </pre></div><div class="separator"></div> |
| 141 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 142 | // C++ |
| 143 | class c {}; |
| 144 | |
| 145 | void test(int *p) { |
| 146 | c *pc = (c *) p; // warn |
| 147 | } |
| 148 | </pre></div></div></td></tr> |
| 149 | |
| 150 | |
| 151 | <tr><td><a id="alpha.core.Conversion"><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 152 | alpha.core.Conversion</span><span class="lang"> |
| 153 | (C, C++, ObjC)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 154 | Loss of sign or precision in implicit conversions</div></div></a></td> |
| 155 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 156 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 157 | void test(unsigned U, signed S) { |
| 158 | if (S > 10) { |
| 159 | if (U < S) { |
| 160 | } |
| 161 | } |
| 162 | if (S < -10) { |
| 163 | if (U < S) { // warn (loss of sign) |
| 164 | } |
| 165 | } |
| 166 | } |
| 167 | </pre></div><div class="separator"></div> |
| 168 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 169 | void test() { |
| 170 | long long A = 1LL << 60; |
| 171 | short X = A; // warn (loss of precision) |
| 172 | } |
| 173 | </pre></div></div></td></tr> |
| 174 | |
| 175 | |
| 176 | <tr><td><a id="alpha.core.DynamicTypeChecker"><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 177 | alpha.core.DynamicTypeChecker</span><span class="lang"> |
| 178 | (ObjC)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 179 | Check for cases where the dynamic and the static type of an |
| 180 | object are unrelated.</div></div></a></td> |
| 181 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 182 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 183 | id date = [NSDate date]; |
| 184 | |
| 185 | // Warning: Object has a dynamic type 'NSDate *' which is |
| 186 | // incompatible with static type 'NSNumber *'" |
| 187 | NSNumber *number = date; |
| 188 | [number doubleValue]; |
| 189 | </pre></div></div></td></tr> |
| 190 | |
| 191 | |
| 192 | <tr><td><a id="alpha.core.FixedAddr"><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 193 | alpha.core.FixedAddr</span><span class="lang"> |
| 194 | (C)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 195 | Check for assignment of a fixed address to a pointer.</div></div></a></td> |
| 196 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 197 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 198 | void test() { |
| 199 | int *p; |
| 200 | p = (int *) 0x10000; // warn |
| 201 | } |
| 202 | </pre></div></div></td></tr> |
| 203 | |
| 204 | |
| 205 | <tr><td><a id="alpha.core.IdenticalExpr"><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 206 | alpha.core.IdenticalExpr</span><span class="lang"> |
| 207 | (C, C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 208 | Warn about suspicious uses of identical expressions.</div></div></a></td> |
| 209 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 210 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 211 | // C |
| 212 | void test() { |
| 213 | int a = 5; |
| 214 | int b = a | 4 | a; // warn: identical expr on both sides |
| 215 | } |
| 216 | </pre></div><div class="separator"></div> |
| 217 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 218 | // C++ |
| 219 | bool f(void); |
| 220 | |
| 221 | void test(bool b) { |
| 222 | int i = 10; |
| 223 | if (f()) { // warn: true and false branches are identical |
| 224 | do { |
| 225 | i--; |
| 226 | } while (f()); |
| 227 | } else { |
| 228 | do { |
| 229 | i--; |
| 230 | } while (f()); |
| 231 | } |
| 232 | } |
| 233 | </pre></div></div></td></tr> |
| 234 | |
| 235 | |
| 236 | <tr><td><a id="alpha.core.PointerArithm"><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 237 | alpha.core.PointerArithm</span><span class="lang"> |
| 238 | (C)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 239 | Check for pointer arithmetic on locations other than array |
| 240 | elements.</div></div></a></td> |
| 241 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 242 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 243 | void test() { |
| 244 | int x; |
| 245 | int *p; |
| 246 | p = &x + 1; // warn |
| 247 | } |
| 248 | </pre></div></div></td></tr> |
| 249 | |
| 250 | |
| 251 | <tr><td><a id="alpha.core.PointerSub"><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 252 | alpha.core.PointerSub</span><span class="lang"> |
| 253 | (C)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 254 | Check for pointer subtractions on two pointers pointing to different memory |
| 255 | chunks.</div></div></a></td> |
| 256 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 257 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 258 | void test() { |
| 259 | int x, y; |
| 260 | int d = &y - &x; // warn |
| 261 | } |
| 262 | </pre></div></div></td></tr> |
| 263 | |
| 264 | |
| 265 | <tr><td><a id="alpha.core.SizeofPtr"><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 266 | alpha.core.SizeofPtr</span><span class="lang"> |
| 267 | (C)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 268 | Warn about unintended use of <code>sizeof()</code> on pointer |
| 269 | expressions.</div></div></a></td> |
| 270 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 271 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 272 | struct s {}; |
| 273 | |
| 274 | int test(struct s *p) { |
| 275 | return sizeof(p); |
| 276 | // warn: sizeof(ptr) can produce an unexpected result |
| 277 | } |
| 278 | </pre></div></div></td></tr> |
| 279 | |
| 280 | |
| 281 | <tr><td><a id="alpha.core.StackAddressAsyncEscape"><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 282 | alpha.core.StackAddressAsyncEscape</span><span class="lang"> |
| 283 | (C)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 284 | Check that addresses to stack memory do not escape the function that involves |
| 285 | <code>dispatch_after</code> or <code>dispatch_async</code>. This checker is |
| 286 | a part of core.StackAddressEscape, but is |
| 287 | <a href=https://reviews.llvm.org/D41042>temporarily disabled</a> until some |
| 288 | false positives are fixed.</div></div></a></td> |
| 289 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 290 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 291 | dispatch_block_t test_block_inside_block_async_leak() { |
| 292 | int x = 123; |
| 293 | void (^inner)(void) = ^void(void) { |
| 294 | int y = x; |
| 295 | ++y; |
| 296 | }; |
| 297 | void (^outer)(void) = ^void(void) { |
| 298 | int z = x; |
| 299 | ++z; |
| 300 | inner(); |
| 301 | }; |
| 302 | return outer; // warn: address of stack-allocated block is captured by a |
| 303 | // returned block |
| 304 | } |
| 305 | </pre></div></div></td></tr> |
| 306 | |
| 307 | |
| 308 | <tr><td><a id="alpha.core.TestAfterDivZero"><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 309 | alpha.core.TestAfterDivZero</span><span class="lang"> |
| 310 | (C, C++, ObjC)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 311 | Check for division by variable that is later compared against 0. |
| 312 | Either the comparison is useless or there is division by zero. |
| 313 | </div></div></a></td> |
| 314 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 315 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 316 | void test(int x) { |
| 317 | var = 77 / x; |
| 318 | if (x == 0) { } // warn |
| 319 | } |
| 320 | </pre></div></div></td></tr> |
| 321 | |
| 322 | |
| 323 | </tbody></table> |
| 324 | |
| 325 | <!-- =========================== cplusplus alpha =========================== --> |
| 326 | <h3 id="cplusplus_alpha_checkers">C++ Alpha Checkers</h3> |
| 327 | <table class="checkers"> |
| 328 | <colgroup><col class="namedescr"><col class="example"></colgroup> |
| 329 | <thead><tr><td>Name, Description</td><td>Example</td></tr></thead> |
| 330 | <tbody> |
| 331 | |
| 332 | |
| 333 | <tr><td><a id="alpha.cplusplus.DeleteWithNonVirtualDtor"><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 334 | alpha.cplusplus.DeleteWithNonVirtualDtor</span><span class="lang"> |
| 335 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 336 | Reports destructions of polymorphic objects with a non-virtual destructor in |
| 337 | their base class |
| 338 | </div></div></a></td> |
| 339 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 340 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 341 | NonVirtual *create() { |
| 342 | NonVirtual *x = new NVDerived(); // note: conversion from derived to base |
| 343 | // happened here |
| 344 | return x; |
| 345 | } |
| 346 | |
| 347 | void sink(NonVirtual *x) { |
| 348 | delete x; // warn: destruction of a polymorphic object with no virtual |
| 349 | // destructor |
| 350 | } |
| 351 | </pre></div></div></td></tr> |
| 352 | |
| 353 | <tr><td><a id="alpha.cplusplus.EnumCastOutOfRange"><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 354 | alpha.cplusplus.EnumCastOutOfRange</span><span class="lang"> |
| 355 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 356 | Check for integer to enumeration casts that could result in undefined values. |
| 357 | </div></div></a></td> |
| 358 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 359 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 360 | enum TestEnum { |
| 361 | A = 0 |
| 362 | }; |
| 363 | |
| 364 | void foo() { |
| 365 | TestEnum t = static_cast<TestEnum>(-1); |
| 366 | // warn: the value provided to the cast expression is not in |
| 367 | the valid range of values for the enum |
| 368 | } |
| 369 | </pre></div></div></td></tr> |
| 370 | |
| 371 | |
| 372 | <tr><td><a id="alpha.cplusplus.InvalidatedIterator"><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 373 | alpha.cplusplus.InvalidatedIterator</span><span class="lang"> |
| 374 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 375 | Check for use of invalidated iterators. |
| 376 | </div></div></a></td> |
| 377 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 378 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 379 | void bad_copy_assign_operator_list1(std::list<int> &L1, |
| 380 | const std::list<int> &L2) { |
| 381 | auto i0 = L1.cbegin(); |
| 382 | L1 = L2; |
| 383 | *i0; // warn: invalidated iterator accessed |
| 384 | } |
| 385 | </pre></div></div></td></tr> |
| 386 | |
| 387 | |
| 388 | <tr><td><a id="alpha.cplusplus.IteratorRange"><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 389 | alpha.cplusplus.IteratorRange</span><span class="lang"> |
| 390 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 391 | Check for iterators used outside their valid ranges. |
| 392 | </div></div></a></td> |
| 393 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 394 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 395 | void simple_bad_end(const std::vector<int> &v) { |
| 396 | auto i = v.end(); |
| 397 | *i; // warn: iterator accessed outside of its range |
| 398 | } |
| 399 | </pre></div></div></td></tr> |
| 400 | |
| 401 | |
| 402 | <tr><td><a id="alpha.cplusplus.MismatchedIterator"><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 403 | alpha.cplusplus.MismatchedIterator</span><span class="lang"> |
| 404 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 405 | Check for use of iterators of different containers where iterators of the same |
| 406 | container are expected. |
| 407 | </div></div></a></td> |
| 408 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 409 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 410 | void bad_insert3(std::vector<int> &v1, std::vector<int> &v2) { |
| 411 | v2.insert(v1.cbegin(), v2.cbegin(), v2.cend()); // warn: container accessed |
| 412 | // using foreign |
| 413 | // iterator argument |
| 414 | v1.insert(v1.cbegin(), v1.cbegin(), v2.cend()); // warn: iterators of |
| 415 | // different containers |
| 416 | // used where the same |
| 417 | // container is |
| 418 | // expected |
| 419 | v1.insert(v1.cbegin(), v2.cbegin(), v1.cend()); // warn: iterators of |
| 420 | // different containers |
| 421 | // used where the same |
| 422 | // container is |
| 423 | // expected |
| 424 | } |
| 425 | </pre></div></div></td></tr> |
| 426 | |
| 427 | |
| 428 | <tr><td><a id="alpha.cplusplus.Move"><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 429 | alpha.cplusplus.Move</span><span class="lang"> |
| 430 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 431 | Method calls on a moved-from object and copying a moved-from object will be |
| 432 | reported. |
| 433 | </div></div></a></td> |
| 434 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 435 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 436 | struct A { |
| 437 | void foo() {} |
| 438 | }; |
| 439 | |
| 440 | void f() { |
| 441 | A a; |
| 442 | A b = std::move(a); // note: 'a' became 'moved-from' here |
| 443 | a.foo(); // warn: method call on a 'moved-from' object 'a' |
| 444 | } |
| 445 | </pre></div></div></td></tr> |
| 446 | |
| 447 | |
| 448 | <tr><td><a id="alpha.cplusplus.UninitializedObject"><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 449 | alpha.cplusplus.UninitializedObject</span><span class="lang"> |
| 450 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 451 | This checker reports uninitialized fields in objects created after a constructor |
| 452 | call. It doesn't only find direct uninitialized fields, but rather makes a deep |
| 453 | inspection of the object, analyzing all of it's fields subfields. <br> |
| 454 | The checker regards inherited fields as direct fields, so one will recieve |
| 455 | warnings for uninitialized inherited data members as well. <br> |
| 456 | <br> |
| 457 | It has several options: |
| 458 | <ul> |
| 459 | <li> |
| 460 | "<code>Pedantic</code>" (boolean). If its not set or is set to false, the |
| 461 | checker won't emit warnings for objects that don't have at least one |
| 462 | initialized field. This may be set with <br> |
| 463 | <code>-analyzer-config alpha.cplusplus.UninitializedObject:Pedantic=true</code>. |
| 464 | </li> |
| 465 | <li> |
| 466 | "<code>NotesAsWarnings</code>" (boolean). If set to true, the checker will |
| 467 | emit a warning for each uninitalized field, as opposed to emitting one |
| 468 | warning per constructor call, and listing the uninitialized fields that |
| 469 | belongs to it in notes. Defaults to false. <br> |
| 470 | <code>-analyzer-config alpha.cplusplus.UninitializedObject:NotesAsWarnings=true</code>. |
| 471 | </li> |
| 472 | <li> |
| 473 | "<code>CheckPointeeInitialization</code>" (boolean). If set to false, the |
| 474 | checker will not analyze the pointee of pointer/reference fields, and will |
| 475 | only check whether the object itself is initialized. Defaults to false. <br> |
| 476 | <code>-analyzer-config alpha.cplusplus.UninitializedObject:CheckPointeeInitialization=true</code>. |
| 477 | </li> |
| 478 | <li> |
| 479 | "<code>IgnoreRecordsWithField</code>" (string). If supplied, the checker |
| 480 | will not analyze structures that have a field with a name or type name that |
| 481 | matches the given pattern. Defaults to <code>""</code>. |
| 482 | |
| 483 | <code>-analyzer-config alpha.cplusplus.UninitializedObject:IgnoreRecordsWithField="[Tt]ag|[Kk]ind"</code>. |
| 484 | </li> |
| 485 | </ul></div></div></a></td> |
| 486 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 487 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 488 | // With Pedantic and CheckPointeeInitialization set to true |
| 489 | |
| 490 | struct A { |
| 491 | struct B { |
| 492 | int x; // note: uninitialized field 'this->b.x' |
| 493 | // note: uninitialized field 'this->bptr->x' |
| 494 | int y; // note: uninitialized field 'this->b.y' |
| 495 | // note: uninitialized field 'this->bptr->y' |
| 496 | }; |
| 497 | int *iptr; // note: uninitialized pointer 'this->iptr' |
| 498 | B b; |
| 499 | B *bptr; |
| 500 | char *cptr; // note: uninitialized pointee 'this->cptr' |
| 501 | |
| 502 | A (B *bptr, char *cptr) : bptr(bptr), cptr(cptr) {} |
| 503 | }; |
| 504 | |
| 505 | void f() { |
| 506 | A::B b; |
| 507 | char c; |
| 508 | A a(&b, &c); // warning: 6 uninitialized fields |
| 509 | // after the constructor call |
| 510 | } |
| 511 | </pre></div><div class="separator"></div> |
| 512 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 513 | // With Pedantic set to false and |
| 514 | // CheckPointeeInitialization set to true |
| 515 | // (every field is uninitialized) |
| 516 | |
| 517 | struct A { |
| 518 | struct B { |
| 519 | int x; |
| 520 | int y; |
| 521 | }; |
| 522 | int *iptr; |
| 523 | B b; |
| 524 | B *bptr; |
| 525 | char *cptr; |
| 526 | |
| 527 | A (B *bptr, char *cptr) : bptr(bptr), cptr(cptr) {} |
| 528 | }; |
| 529 | |
| 530 | void f() { |
| 531 | A::B b; |
| 532 | char c; |
| 533 | A a(&b, &c); // no warning |
| 534 | } |
| 535 | </pre></div><div class="separator"></div> |
| 536 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 537 | // With Pedantic and CheckPointeeInitialization set to false |
| 538 | // (pointees are regarded as initialized) |
| 539 | |
| 540 | struct A { |
| 541 | struct B { |
| 542 | int x; // note: uninitialized field 'this->b.x' |
| 543 | int y; // note: uninitialized field 'this->b.y' |
| 544 | }; |
| 545 | int *iptr; // note: uninitialized pointer 'this->iptr' |
| 546 | B b; |
| 547 | B *bptr; |
| 548 | char *cptr; |
| 549 | |
| 550 | A (B *bptr, char *cptr) : bptr(bptr), cptr(cptr) {} |
| 551 | }; |
| 552 | |
| 553 | void f() { |
| 554 | A::B b; |
| 555 | char c; |
| 556 | A a(&b, &c); // warning: 3 uninitialized fields |
| 557 | // after the constructor call |
| 558 | } |
| 559 | </pre></div></div></td></tr> |
| 560 | |
| 561 | |
| 562 | </tbody></table> |
| 563 | |
| 564 | |
| 565 | <!-- =========================== dead code alpha =========================== --> |
| 566 | <h3 id="deadcode_alpha_checkers">Dead Code Alpha Checkers</h3> |
| 567 | <table class="checkers"> |
| 568 | <colgroup><col class="namedescr"><col class="example"></colgroup> |
| 569 | <thead><tr><td>Name, Description</td><td>Example</td></tr></thead> |
| 570 | |
| 571 | <tbody> |
| 572 | <tr><td><a id="alpha.deadcode.UnreachableCode"><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 573 | alpha.deadcode.UnreachableCode</span><span class="lang"> |
| 574 | (C, C++, ObjC)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 575 | Check unreachable code.</div></div></a></td> |
| 576 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 577 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 578 | // C |
| 579 | int test() { |
| 580 | int x = 1; |
| 581 | while(x); |
| 582 | return x; // warn |
| 583 | } |
| 584 | </pre></div><div class="separator"></div> |
| 585 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 586 | // C++ |
| 587 | void test() { |
| 588 | int a = 2; |
| 589 | |
| 590 | while (a > 1) |
| 591 | a--; |
| 592 | |
| 593 | if (a > 1) |
| 594 | a++; // warn |
| 595 | } |
| 596 | </pre></div><div class="separator"></div> |
| 597 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 598 | // Objective-C |
| 599 | void test(id x) { |
| 600 | return; |
| 601 | [x retain]; // warn |
| 602 | } |
| 603 | </pre></div></div></td></tr> |
| 604 | </tbody></table> |
| 605 | |
| 606 | <!-- =========================== llvm alpha =========================== --> |
| 607 | <h3 id="llvm_alpha_checkers">LLVM Checkers</h3> |
| 608 | <table class="checkers"> |
| 609 | <colgroup><col class="namedescr"><col class="example"></colgroup> |
| 610 | <thead><tr><td>Name, Description</td><td>Example</td></tr></thead> |
| 611 | |
| 612 | <tbody> |
| 613 | <tr><td><a id="alpha.llvm.Conventions"><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 614 | alpha.llvm.Conventions</span><span class="lang"> |
| 615 | (C)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 616 | Check code for LLVM codebase conventions: |
| 617 | <ul> |
| 618 | <li>A <code>StringRef</code> should not be bound to a temporary std::string |
| 619 | whose lifetime is shorter than the <code>StringRef</code>'s.</li> |
| 620 | <li>Clang AST nodes should not have fields that can allocate memory.</li> |
| 621 | </ul> |
| 622 | </div></div></a></td> |
| 623 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 624 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 625 | <!-- TODO: Add examples, as currently it's hard to get this checker working. --> |
| 626 | </pre></div></div></td></tr> |
| 627 | |
| 628 | </tbody></table> |
| 629 | |
| 630 | |
| 631 | <!-- ============================== OS X alpha ============================== --> |
| 632 | <h3 id="osx_alpha_checkers">OS X Alpha Checkers</h3> |
| 633 | <table class="checkers"> |
| 634 | <colgroup><col class="namedescr"><col class="example"></colgroup> |
| 635 | <thead><tr><td>Name, Description</td><td>Example</td></tr></thead> |
| 636 | |
| 637 | <tbody> |
| 638 | <tr><td><a id="alpha.osx.cocoa.DirectIvarAssignment"><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 639 | alpha.osx.cocoa.DirectIvarAssignment</span><span class="lang"> |
| 640 | (ObjC)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 641 | Check that Objective C properties follow the following rule: the property |
| 642 | should be set with the setter, not though a direct assignment.</div></div></a></td> |
| 643 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 644 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 645 | @interface MyClass : NSObject {} |
| 646 | @property (readonly) id A; |
| 647 | - (void) foo; |
| 648 | @end |
| 649 | |
| 650 | @implementation MyClass |
| 651 | - (void) foo { |
| 652 | _A = 0; // warn |
| 653 | } |
| 654 | @end |
| 655 | </pre></div></div></td></tr> |
| 656 | |
| 657 | |
| 658 | <tr><td><a id="alpha.osx.cocoa.DirectIvarAssignmentForAnnotatedFunctions"><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 659 | alpha.osx.cocoa.DirectIvarAssignmentForAnnotatedFunctions</span><span class="lang"> |
| 660 | (ObjC)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 661 | Check for direct assignments to instance variables in the methods annotated |
| 662 | with <code>objc_no_direct_instance_variable_assignment</code>.</div></div></a></td> |
| 663 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 664 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 665 | @interface MyClass : NSObject {} |
| 666 | @property (readonly) id A; |
| 667 | - (void) fAnnotated __attribute__(( |
| 668 | annotate("objc_no_direct_instance_variable_assignment"))); |
| 669 | - (void) fNotAnnotated; |
| 670 | @end |
| 671 | |
| 672 | @implementation MyClass |
| 673 | - (void) fAnnotated { |
| 674 | _A = 0; // warn |
| 675 | } |
| 676 | - (void) fNotAnnotated { |
| 677 | _A = 0; // no warn |
| 678 | } |
| 679 | @end |
| 680 | </pre></div></div></td></tr> |
| 681 | |
| 682 | |
| 683 | <tr><td><a id="alpha.osx.cocoa.InstanceVariableInvalidation"><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 684 | alpha.osx.cocoa.InstanceVariableInvalidation</span><span class="lang"> |
| 685 | (ObjC)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 686 | Check that the invalidatable instance variables are invalidated in the methods |
| 687 | annotated with <code>objc_instance_variable_invalidator</code>.</div></div></a></td> |
| 688 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 689 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 690 | @protocol Invalidation <NSObject> |
| 691 | - (void) invalidate |
| 692 | __attribute__((annotate("objc_instance_variable_invalidator"))); |
| 693 | @end |
| 694 | |
| 695 | @interface InvalidationImpObj : NSObject <Invalidation> |
| 696 | @end |
| 697 | |
| 698 | @interface SubclassInvalidationImpObj : InvalidationImpObj { |
| 699 | InvalidationImpObj *var; |
| 700 | } |
| 701 | - (void)invalidate; |
| 702 | @end |
| 703 | |
| 704 | @implementation SubclassInvalidationImpObj |
| 705 | - (void) invalidate {} |
| 706 | @end |
| 707 | // warn: var needs to be invalidated or set to nil |
| 708 | </pre></div></div></td></tr> |
| 709 | |
| 710 | |
| 711 | <tr><td><a id="alpha.osx.cocoa.MissingInvalidationMethod"><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 712 | alpha.osx.cocoa.MissingInvalidationMethod</span><span class="lang"> |
| 713 | (ObjC)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 714 | Check that the invalidation methods are present in classes that contain |
| 715 | invalidatable instance variables.</div></div></a></td> |
| 716 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 717 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 718 | @protocol Invalidation <NSObject> |
| 719 | - (void)invalidate |
| 720 | __attribute__((annotate("objc_instance_variable_invalidator"))); |
| 721 | @end |
| 722 | |
| 723 | @interface NeedInvalidation : NSObject <Invalidation> |
| 724 | @end |
| 725 | |
| 726 | @interface MissingInvalidationMethodDecl : NSObject { |
| 727 | NeedInvalidation *Var; // warn |
| 728 | } |
| 729 | @end |
| 730 | |
| 731 | @implementation MissingInvalidationMethodDecl |
| 732 | @end |
| 733 | </pre></div></div></td></tr> |
| 734 | |
| 735 | |
| 736 | <tr><td><a id="alpha.osx.cocoa.localizability.PluralMisuseChecker"><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 737 | alpha.osx.cocoa.localizability.PluralMisuseChecker</span><span class="lang"> |
| 738 | (ObjC)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 739 | Warns against using one vs. many plural pattern in code |
| 740 | when generating localized strings. |
| 741 | </div></div></a></td> |
| 742 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 743 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 744 | NSString *reminderText = |
| 745 | NSLocalizedString(@"None", @"Indicates no reminders"); |
| 746 | if (reminderCount == 1) { |
| 747 | // Warning: Plural cases are not supported across all languages. |
| 748 | // Use a .stringsdict file instead |
| 749 | reminderText = |
| 750 | NSLocalizedString(@"1 Reminder", @"Indicates single reminder"); |
| 751 | } else if (reminderCount >= 2) { |
| 752 | // Warning: Plural cases are not supported across all languages. |
| 753 | // Use a .stringsdict file instead |
| 754 | reminderText = |
| 755 | [NSString stringWithFormat: |
| 756 | NSLocalizedString(@"%@ Reminders", @"Indicates multiple reminders"), |
| 757 | reminderCount]; |
| 758 | } |
| 759 | </pre></div></div></td></tr> |
| 760 | |
| 761 | </tbody></table> |
| 762 | |
| 763 | <!-- =========================== security alpha =========================== --> |
| 764 | <h3 id="security_alpha_checkers">Security Alpha Checkers</h3> |
| 765 | <table class="checkers"> |
| 766 | <colgroup><col class="namedescr"><col class="example"></colgroup> |
| 767 | <thead><tr><td>Name, Description</td><td>Example</td></tr></thead> |
| 768 | |
| 769 | <tbody> |
| 770 | <tr><td><a id="alpha.security.ArrayBound"><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 771 | alpha.security.ArrayBound</span><span class="lang"> |
| 772 | (C)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 773 | Warn about buffer overflows (older checker).</div></div></a></td> |
| 774 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 775 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 776 | void test() { |
| 777 | char *s = ""; |
| 778 | char c = s[1]; // warn |
| 779 | } |
| 780 | </pre></div><div class="separator"></div> |
| 781 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 782 | struct seven_words { |
| 783 | int c[7]; |
| 784 | }; |
| 785 | |
| 786 | void test() { |
| 787 | struct seven_words a, *p; |
| 788 | p = &a; |
| 789 | p[0] = a; |
| 790 | p[1] = a; |
| 791 | p[2] = a; // warn |
| 792 | } |
| 793 | </pre></div><div class="separator"></div> |
| 794 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 795 | // note: requires unix.Malloc or |
| 796 | // alpha.unix.MallocWithAnnotations checks enabled. |
| 797 | void test() { |
| 798 | int *p = malloc(12); |
| 799 | p[3] = 4; // warn |
| 800 | } |
| 801 | </pre></div><div class="separator"></div> |
| 802 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 803 | void test() { |
| 804 | char a[2]; |
| 805 | int *b = (int*)a; |
| 806 | b[1] = 3; // warn |
| 807 | } |
| 808 | </pre></div></div></td></tr> |
| 809 | |
| 810 | |
| 811 | <tr><td><a id="alpha.security.ArrayBoundV2"><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 812 | alpha.security.ArrayBoundV2</span><span class="lang"> |
| 813 | (C)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 814 | Warn about buffer overflows (newer checker).</div></div></a></td> |
| 815 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 816 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 817 | void test() { |
| 818 | char *s = ""; |
| 819 | char c = s[1]; // warn |
| 820 | } |
| 821 | </pre></div><div class="separator"></div> |
| 822 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 823 | void test() { |
| 824 | int buf[100]; |
| 825 | int *p = buf; |
| 826 | p = p + 99; |
| 827 | p[1] = 1; // warn |
| 828 | } |
| 829 | </pre></div><div class="separator"></div> |
| 830 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 831 | // note: compiler has internal check for this. |
| 832 | // Use -Wno-array-bounds to suppress compiler warning. |
| 833 | void test() { |
| 834 | int buf[100][100]; |
| 835 | buf[0][-1] = 1; // warn |
| 836 | } |
| 837 | </pre></div><div class="separator"></div> |
| 838 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 839 | // note: requires alpha.security.taint check turned on. |
| 840 | void test() { |
| 841 | char s[] = "abc"; |
| 842 | int x = getchar(); |
| 843 | char c = s[x]; // warn: index is tainted |
| 844 | } |
| 845 | </pre></div></div></td></tr> |
| 846 | |
| 847 | |
| 848 | <tr><td><a id="alpha.security.MallocOverflow"><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 849 | alpha.security.MallocOverflow</span><span class="lang"> |
| 850 | (C)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 851 | Check for overflows in the arguments to <code>malloc()</code>.</div></div></a></td> |
| 852 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 853 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 854 | void test(int n) { |
| 855 | void *p = malloc(n * sizeof(int)); // warn |
| 856 | } |
| 857 | </pre></div></div></td></tr> |
| 858 | |
| 859 | |
| 860 | <tr><td><a id="alpha.security.MmapWriteExec"><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 861 | alpha.security.MmapWriteExec</span><span class="lang"> |
| 862 | (C)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 863 | Warn on <code>mmap()<code> calls that are both writable and executable. |
| 864 | </div></div></a></td> |
| 865 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 866 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 867 | void test(int n) { |
| 868 | void *c = mmap(NULL, 32, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC, |
| 869 | MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANON, -1, 0); |
| 870 | // warn: Both PROT_WRITE and PROT_EXEC flags are set. This can lead to |
| 871 | // exploitable memory regions, which could be overwritten with malicious |
| 872 | // code |
| 873 | } |
| 874 | </pre></div></div></td></tr> |
| 875 | |
| 876 | |
| 877 | <tr><td><a id="alpha.security.ReturnPtrRange"><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 878 | alpha.security.ReturnPtrRange</span><span class="lang"> |
| 879 | (C)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 880 | Check for an out-of-bound pointer being returned to callers.</div></div></a></td> |
| 881 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 882 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 883 | static int A[10]; |
| 884 | |
| 885 | int *test() { |
| 886 | int *p = A + 10; |
| 887 | return p; // warn |
| 888 | } |
| 889 | </pre></div><div class="separator"></div> |
| 890 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 891 | int test(void) { |
| 892 | int x; |
| 893 | return x; // warn: undefined or garbage returned |
| 894 | } |
| 895 | </pre></div></div></td></tr> |
| 896 | |
| 897 | |
| 898 | <tr><td><a id="alpha.security.taint.TaintPropagation"><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 899 | alpha.security.taint.TaintPropagation</span><span class="lang"> |
| 900 | (C)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 901 | Generate taint information used by other checkers.</div></div></a></td> |
| 902 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 903 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 904 | void test() { |
| 905 | char x = getchar(); // 'x' marked as tainted |
| 906 | system(&x); // warn: untrusted data is passed to a system call |
| 907 | } |
| 908 | </pre></div><div class="separator"></div> |
| 909 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 910 | // note: compiler internally checks if the second param to |
| 911 | // sprintf is a string literal or not. |
| 912 | // Use -Wno-format-security to suppress compiler warning. |
| 913 | void test() { |
| 914 | char s[10], buf[10]; |
| 915 | fscanf(stdin, "%s", s); // 's' marked as tainted |
| 916 | |
| 917 | sprintf(buf, s); // warn: untrusted data as a format string |
| 918 | } |
| 919 | </pre></div><div class="separator"></div> |
| 920 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 921 | void test() { |
| 922 | size_t ts; |
| 923 | scanf("%zd", &ts); // 'ts' marked as tainted |
| 924 | int *p = (int *)malloc(ts * sizeof(int)); |
| 925 | // warn: untrusted data as buffer size |
| 926 | } |
| 927 | </pre></div></div></td></tr> |
| 928 | |
| 929 | </tbody></table> |
| 930 | |
| 931 | <!-- ============================= unix alpha ============================= --> |
| 932 | <h3 id="unix_alpha_checkers">Unix Alpha Checkers</h3> |
| 933 | <table class="checkers"> |
| 934 | <colgroup><col class="namedescr"><col class="example"></colgroup> |
| 935 | <thead><tr><td>Name, Description</td><td>Example</td></tr></thead> |
| 936 | <tbody> |
| 937 | |
| 938 | |
| 939 | <tr><td><a id="alpha.unix.BlockInCriticalSection"><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 940 | alpha.unix.BlockInCriticalSection</span><span class="lang"> |
| 941 | (C)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 942 | Check for calls to blocking functions inside a critical section. Applies to: |
| 943 | <div class=functions> |
| 944 | lock<br> |
| 945 | unlock<br> |
| 946 | sleep<br> |
| 947 | getc<br> |
| 948 | fgets<br> |
| 949 | read<br> |
| 950 | revc<br> |
| 951 | pthread_mutex_lock<br> |
| 952 | pthread_mutex_unlock<br> |
| 953 | mtx_lock<br> |
| 954 | mtx_timedlock<br> |
| 955 | mtx_trylock<br> |
| 956 | mtx_unlock<br> |
| 957 | lock_guard<br> |
| 958 | unique_lock</div> |
| 959 | </div></div></a></td> |
| 960 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 961 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 962 | void test() { |
| 963 | std::mutex m; |
| 964 | m.lock(); |
| 965 | sleep(3); // warn: a blocking function sleep is called inside a critical |
| 966 | // section |
| 967 | m.unlock(); |
| 968 | } |
| 969 | </pre></div></div></td></tr> |
| 970 | |
| 971 | |
| 972 | <tr><td><a id="alpha.unix.Chroot"><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 973 | alpha.unix.Chroot</span><span class="lang"> |
| 974 | (C)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 975 | Check improper use of <code>chroot</code>.</div></div></a></td> |
| 976 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 977 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 978 | void f(); |
| 979 | |
| 980 | void test() { |
| 981 | chroot("/usr/local"); |
| 982 | f(); // warn: no call of chdir("/") immediately after chroot |
| 983 | } |
| 984 | </pre></div></div></td></tr> |
| 985 | |
| 986 | |
| 987 | <tr><td><a id="alpha.unix.PthreadLock"><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 988 | alpha.unix.PthreadLock</span><span class="lang"> |
| 989 | (C)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 990 | Simple lock -> unlock checker; applies to:<div class=functions> |
| 991 | pthread_mutex_lock<br> |
| 992 | pthread_rwlock_rdlock<br> |
| 993 | pthread_rwlock_wrlock<br> |
| 994 | lck_mtx_lock<br> |
| 995 | lck_rw_lock_exclusive<br> |
| 996 | lck_rw_lock_shared<br> |
| 997 | pthread_mutex_trylock<br> |
| 998 | pthread_rwlock_tryrdlock<br> |
| 999 | pthread_rwlock_tryrwlock<br> |
| 1000 | lck_mtx_try_lock<br> |
| 1001 | lck_rw_try_lock_exclusive<br> |
| 1002 | lck_rw_try_lock_shared<br> |
| 1003 | pthread_mutex_unlock<br> |
| 1004 | pthread_rwlock_unlock<br> |
| 1005 | lck_mtx_unlock<br> |
| 1006 | lck_rw_done</div></div></div></a></td> |
| 1007 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 1008 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1009 | pthread_mutex_t mtx; |
| 1010 | |
| 1011 | void test() { |
| 1012 | pthread_mutex_lock(&mtx); |
| 1013 | pthread_mutex_lock(&mtx); |
| 1014 | // warn: this lock has already been acquired |
| 1015 | } |
| 1016 | </pre></div><div class="separator"></div> |
| 1017 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1018 | lck_mtx_t lck1, lck2; |
| 1019 | |
| 1020 | void test() { |
| 1021 | lck_mtx_lock(&lck1); |
| 1022 | lck_mtx_lock(&lck2); |
| 1023 | lck_mtx_unlock(&lck1); |
| 1024 | // warn: this was not the most recently acquired lock |
| 1025 | } |
| 1026 | </pre></div><div class="separator"></div> |
| 1027 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1028 | lck_mtx_t lck1, lck2; |
| 1029 | |
| 1030 | void test() { |
| 1031 | if (lck_mtx_try_lock(&lck1) == 0) |
| 1032 | return; |
| 1033 | |
| 1034 | lck_mtx_lock(&lck2); |
| 1035 | lck_mtx_unlock(&lck1); |
| 1036 | // warn: this was not the most recently acquired lock |
| 1037 | } |
| 1038 | </pre></div></div></td></tr> |
| 1039 | |
| 1040 | |
| 1041 | <tr><td><a id="alpha.unix.SimpleStream"><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 1042 | alpha.unix.SimpleStream</span><span class="lang"> |
| 1043 | (C)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 1044 | Check for misuses of stream APIs:<div class=functions> |
| 1045 | fopen<br> |
| 1046 | fclose</div>(demo checker, the subject of the demo |
| 1047 | (<a href="http://llvm.org/devmtg/2012-11/Zaks-Rose-Checker24Hours.pdf">Slides</a> |
| 1048 | ,<a href="https://youtu.be/kdxlsP5QVPw">Video</a>) |
| 1049 | by Anna Zaks and Jordan Rose presented at the <a href="http://llvm.org/devmtg/2012-11/"> |
| 1050 | 2012 LLVM Developers' Meeting).</a></div></div></a></td> |
| 1051 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 1052 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1053 | void test() { |
| 1054 | FILE *F = fopen("myfile.txt", "w"); |
| 1055 | } // warn: opened file is never closed |
| 1056 | </pre></div><div class="separator"></div> |
| 1057 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1058 | void test() { |
| 1059 | FILE *F = fopen("myfile.txt", "w"); |
| 1060 | |
| 1061 | if (F) |
| 1062 | fclose(F); |
| 1063 | |
| 1064 | fclose(F); // warn: closing a previously closed file stream |
| 1065 | } |
| 1066 | </pre></div></div></td></tr> |
| 1067 | |
| 1068 | |
| 1069 | <tr><td><a id="alpha.unix.Stream"><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 1070 | alpha.unix.Stream</span><span class="lang"> |
| 1071 | (C)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 1072 | Check stream handling functions:<div class=functions>fopen<br> |
| 1073 | tmpfile<br> |
| 1074 | fclose<br> |
| 1075 | fread<br> |
| 1076 | fwrite<br> |
| 1077 | fseek<br> |
| 1078 | ftell<br> |
| 1079 | rewind<br> |
| 1080 | fgetpos<br> |
| 1081 | fsetpos<br> |
| 1082 | clearerr<br> |
| 1083 | feof<br> |
| 1084 | ferror<br> |
| 1085 | fileno</div></div></div></a></td> |
| 1086 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 1087 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1088 | void test() { |
| 1089 | FILE *p = fopen("foo", "r"); |
| 1090 | } // warn: opened file is never closed |
| 1091 | </pre></div><div class="separator"></div> |
| 1092 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1093 | void test() { |
| 1094 | FILE *p = fopen("foo", "r"); |
| 1095 | fseek(p, 1, SEEK_SET); // warn: stream pointer might be NULL |
| 1096 | fclose(p); |
| 1097 | } |
| 1098 | </pre></div><div class="separator"></div> |
| 1099 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1100 | void test() { |
| 1101 | FILE *p = fopen("foo", "r"); |
| 1102 | |
| 1103 | if (p) |
| 1104 | fseek(p, 1, 3); |
| 1105 | // warn: third arg should be SEEK_SET, SEEK_END, or SEEK_CUR |
| 1106 | |
| 1107 | fclose(p); |
| 1108 | } |
| 1109 | </pre></div><div class="separator"></div> |
| 1110 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1111 | void test() { |
| 1112 | FILE *p = fopen("foo", "r"); |
| 1113 | fclose(p); |
| 1114 | fclose(p); // warn: already closed |
| 1115 | } |
| 1116 | </pre></div><div class="separator"></div> |
| 1117 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1118 | void test() { |
| 1119 | FILE *p = tmpfile(); |
| 1120 | ftell(p); // warn: stream pointer might be NULL |
| 1121 | fclose(p); |
| 1122 | } |
| 1123 | </pre></div></div></td></tr> |
| 1124 | |
| 1125 | |
| 1126 | <tr><td><a id="alpha.unix.cstring.BufferOverlap"><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 1127 | alpha.unix.cstring.BufferOverlap</span><span class="lang"> |
| 1128 | (C)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 1129 | Checks for overlap in two buffer arguments; applies to:<div class=functions> |
| 1130 | memcpy<br> |
| 1131 | mempcpy</div></div></div></a></td> |
| 1132 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 1133 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1134 | void test() { |
| 1135 | int a[4] = {0}; |
| 1136 | memcpy(a + 2, a + 1, 8); // warn |
| 1137 | } |
| 1138 | </pre></div></div></td></tr> |
| 1139 | |
| 1140 | |
| 1141 | <tr><td><a id="alpha.unix.cstring.NotNullTerminated"><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 1142 | alpha.unix.cstring.NotNullTerminated</span><span class="lang"> |
| 1143 | (C)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 1144 | Check for arguments which are not null-terminated strings; applies |
| 1145 | to:<div class=functions> |
| 1146 | strlen<br> |
| 1147 | strnlen<br> |
| 1148 | strcpy<br> |
| 1149 | strncpy<br> |
| 1150 | strcat<br> |
| 1151 | strncat</div></div></div></td> |
| 1152 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 1153 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1154 | void test() { |
| 1155 | int y = strlen((char *)&test); // warn |
| 1156 | } |
| 1157 | </pre></div></div></a></td></tr> |
| 1158 | |
| 1159 | |
| 1160 | <tr><td><a id="alpha.unix.cstring.OutOfBounds"><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 1161 | alpha.unix.cstring.OutOfBounds</span><span class="lang"> |
| 1162 | (C)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 1163 | Check for out-of-bounds access in string functions; applies |
| 1164 | to:<div class=functions> |
| 1165 | strncopy<br> |
| 1166 | strncat</div></div></div></a></td> |
| 1167 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 1168 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1169 | void test(char *y) { |
| 1170 | char x[4]; |
| 1171 | if (strlen(y) == 4) |
| 1172 | strncpy(x, y, 5); // warn |
| 1173 | } |
| 1174 | </pre></div></div></td></tr> |
| 1175 | |
| 1176 | </tbody></table> |
| 1177 | |
| 1178 | <!-- =========================== nondeterminism alpha =========================== --> |
| 1179 | <h3 id="nondeterminism_alpha_checkers">Non-determinism Alpha Checkers</h3> |
| 1180 | <table class="checkers"> |
| 1181 | <colgroup><col class="namedescr"><col class="example"></colgroup> |
| 1182 | <thead><tr><td>Name, Description</td><td>Example</td></tr></thead> |
| 1183 | |
| 1184 | <tbody> |
| 1185 | <tr><td><a id="alpha.nondeterminism.PointerSorting"><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 1186 | alpha.nondeterminism.PointerSorting</span><span class="lang"> |
| 1187 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 1188 | Check for non-determinism caused by sorting of pointers.</div></div></a></td> |
| 1189 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 1190 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1191 | // C++ |
| 1192 | void test() { |
| 1193 | int a = 1, b = 2; |
| 1194 | std::vector<int *> V = {&a, &b}; |
| 1195 | std::sort(V.begin(), V.end()); // warn |
| 1196 | } |
| 1197 | </pre></div></div></td></tr> |
| 1198 | </tbody></table> |
| 1199 | |
| 1200 | </div> <!-- page --> |
| 1201 | </div> <!-- content --> |
| 1202 | </body> |
| 1203 | </html> |
| 1204 | |