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| 19 | <h1>List of potential checkers</h1> |
| 20 | |
| 21 | <p>This page contains a list of potential checkers to implement in the static analyzer. If you are interested in contributing to the analyzer's development, this is a good resource to help you get started. The specific names of the checkers are subject to review, and are provided here as suggestions.</p> |
| 22 | |
| 23 | <!-- ========================= allocation/deallocation ======================= --> |
| 24 | <h3>memory</h3> |
| 25 | <table class="checkers"> |
| 26 | <col class="namedescr"><col class="example"><col class="progress"> |
| 27 | <thead><tr><td>Name, Description</td><td>Example</td><td>Progress</td></tr></thead> |
| 28 | |
| 29 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 30 | memory.LeakEvalOrder</span><span class="lang"> |
| 31 | (C, C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 32 | Potential memory leaks caused by an undefined argument evaluation order. |
| 33 | <p>Source: <a href="http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_49_0/libs/smart_ptr/shared_ptr.htm#BestPractices"> |
| 34 | boost docs: shared_ptr</a>.</p></div></div></td> |
| 35 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 36 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 37 | void f(int, int); |
| 38 | int g(void *); |
| 39 | int h() __attribute__((noreturn)); |
| 40 | |
| 41 | void test() { |
| 42 | // It is possible that 'malloc(1)' is called first, |
| 43 | // then 'h()', that is (or calls) noreturn and eventually |
| 44 | // 'g()' is never called. |
| 45 | f(g(malloc(1)), h()); // warn: 'g()' may never be called. |
| 46 | } |
| 47 | </pre></div> |
| 48 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 49 | void f(int, int); |
| 50 | int g(int *); |
| 51 | int h() { throw 1; }; |
| 52 | |
| 53 | void test() { |
| 54 | // It is possible that 'new int' is called first, |
| 55 | // then 'h()', that throws an exception and eventually |
| 56 | // 'g()' is never called. |
| 57 | f(g(new int), h()); // warn: 'g()' may never be called. |
| 58 | } |
| 59 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 60 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 61 | |
| 62 | |
| 63 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 64 | memory.DstBufferTooSmall</span><span class="lang"> |
| 65 | (C, C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 66 | Destination buffer passed to memory function is too small. |
| 67 | <br>Note: <span class="name">security.insecureAPI.strcpy</span> currently warns |
| 68 | on usage of <code>strcpy</code> and suggests to replace it. |
| 69 | <br>Note: <span class="name">alpha.unix.CStringChecker</span> contains some similar checks. |
| 70 | <p>Source: <a href="https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/120.html">CWE-120</a>.</p></div></div></td> |
| 71 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 72 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 73 | void test() { |
| 74 | const char* s1 = "abc"; |
| 75 | char *s2 = new char; |
| 76 | strcpy(s2, s1); // warn |
| 77 | } |
| 78 | </pre></div> |
| 79 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 80 | void test() { |
| 81 | int* p1 = new int[3]; |
| 82 | int* p2 = new int; |
| 83 | memcpy(p2, p1, 3); // warn |
| 84 | } |
| 85 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 86 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 87 | |
| 88 | |
| 89 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 90 | memory.NegativeArraySize</span><span class="lang"> |
| 91 | (C, C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 92 | 'n' is used to specify the buffer size may be negative. |
| 93 | <br>Note: possibly an enhancement to <span class="name"> |
| 94 | alpha.security.MallocOverflow</span>. |
| 95 | <p>Source: <a href="http://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/20.html">CWE-20, |
| 96 | Example 2</a>.</p></div></div></td> |
| 97 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 98 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 99 | void test() { |
| 100 | int *p; |
| 101 | int n1 = -1; |
| 102 | p = new int[n1]; // warn |
| 103 | } |
| 104 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 105 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 106 | |
| 107 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 108 | memory.ZeroAlloc</span><span class="lang"> |
| 109 | (C, C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 110 | Allocation of zero bytes. |
| 111 | <br>Note: an enhancement to <span class="name">unix.Malloc</span>. |
| 112 | <br>Note: <span class="name">unix.API</span> perform C-checks for zero |
| 113 | allocation. This should be moved to <span class="name">unix.Malloc</span>. |
| 114 | <p>Source: C++03 3.7.3.1p2; C++11 3.7.4.1p2.</p></div></div></td> |
| 115 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 116 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 117 | #include <stdlib.h> |
| 118 | |
| 119 | void test() { |
| 120 | int *p = malloc(0); // warn |
| 121 | free(p); |
| 122 | } |
| 123 | </pre></div> |
| 124 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 125 | void test() { |
| 126 | int *p = new int[0]; // warn |
| 127 | delete[] p; |
| 128 | } |
| 129 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 130 | <td class="aligned"><a href="http://reviews.llvm.org/D6178"> |
| 131 | D6178</a></td></tr> |
| 132 | |
| 133 | </table> |
| 134 | |
| 135 | <!-- ======================= constructors/destructors ====================== --> |
| 136 | <h3>constructors/destructors</h3> |
| 137 | <table class="checkers"> |
| 138 | <col class="namedescr"><col class="example"><col class="progress"> |
| 139 | <thead><tr><td>Name, Description</td><td>Example</td><td>Progress</td></tr></thead> |
| 140 | |
| 141 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 142 | ctordtor.ExptInsideDtor</span><span class="lang"> |
| 143 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 144 | It is dangerous to let an exception leave a destructor. |
| 145 | Using <code>try..catch</code> solves the problem. |
| 146 | <p>Source: Scott Meyers "More Effective C++", item 11: Prevent exceptions from |
| 147 | leaving destructors.</p></div></div></td> |
| 148 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 149 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 150 | class A { |
| 151 | A() {} |
| 152 | ~A() { throw 1; } // warn |
| 153 | }; |
| 154 | </pre></div> |
| 155 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 156 | void f() throw(int); |
| 157 | |
| 158 | class A { |
| 159 | A() {} |
| 160 | ~A() { f(); } // warn |
| 161 | }; |
| 162 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 163 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 164 | |
| 165 | |
| 166 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 167 | ctordtor.PlacementSelfCopy</span><span class="lang"> |
| 168 | (C++11)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 169 | For a placement copy or move, it is almost certainly an error if the |
| 170 | constructed object is also the object being copied from.</div></div></td> |
| 171 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 172 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 173 | class A {}; |
| 174 | |
| 175 | void test(A *dst, A *src) { |
| 176 | ::new (dst) A(*dst); // warn (should be 'src') |
| 177 | } |
| 178 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 179 | <td class="aligned"><!--rdar://problem/13688366--></td></tr> |
| 180 | |
| 181 | </table> |
| 182 | |
| 183 | <!-- ============================== exceptions ============================= --> |
| 184 | <h3>exceptions</h3> |
| 185 | <table class="checkers"> |
| 186 | <col class="namedescr"><col class="example"><col class="progress"> |
| 187 | <thead><tr><td>Name, Description</td><td>Example</td><td>Progress</td></tr></thead> |
| 188 | |
| 189 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 190 | exceptions.ThrowSpecButNotThrow</span><span class="lang"> |
| 191 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 192 | Function declaration has a <code>throw(<i>type</i>)</code> specifier but the |
| 193 | function do not throw exceptions.</div></div></td> |
| 194 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 195 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 196 | void test() throw(int) { |
| 197 | } // warn |
| 198 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 199 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 200 | |
| 201 | |
| 202 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 203 | exceptions.NoThrowSpecButThrows</span><span class="lang"> |
| 204 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 205 | An exception is throw from a function having a <code>throw()</code> |
| 206 | specifier.</div></div></td> |
| 207 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 208 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 209 | void test() throw() { |
| 210 | throw(1); // warn |
| 211 | } |
| 212 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 213 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 214 | |
| 215 | |
| 216 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 217 | exceptions.ThrownTypeDiffersSpec</span><span class="lang"> |
| 218 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 219 | The type of a thrown exception differs from those specified in |
| 220 | a <code>throw(<i>type</i>)</code> specifier.</div></div></td> |
| 221 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 222 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 223 | struct S{}; |
| 224 | |
| 225 | void test() throw(int) { |
| 226 | S s; |
| 227 | throw (s); // warn |
| 228 | } |
| 229 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 230 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 231 | |
| 232 | </table> |
| 233 | |
| 234 | <!-- ========================= smart pointers ============================== --> |
| 235 | <h3>smart pointers</h3> |
| 236 | <table class="checkers"> |
| 237 | <col class="namedescr"><col class="example"><col class="progress"> |
| 238 | <thead><tr><td>Name, Description</td><td>Example</td><td>Progress</td></tr></thead> |
| 239 | |
| 240 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 241 | smartptr.SmartPtrInit</span><span class="lang"> |
| 242 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 243 | C++03: <code>auto_ptr</code> should store a pointer to an object obtained via |
| 244 | new as allocated memory will be cleaned using <code>delete</code>.<br> |
| 245 | C++11: one should use <code>unique_ptr<<i>type</i>[]></code> to keep a |
| 246 | pointer to memory allocated by <code>new[]</code>.<br> |
| 247 | C++11: to keep a pointer to memory allocated by <code>new[]</code> in |
| 248 | a <code>shared_ptr</code> one should use a custom deleter that calls <code> |
| 249 | delete[].</code>. |
| 250 | <p>Source: C++03 20.4.5p1; C++11 <code>auto_ptr</code> is deprecated (D.10).</p></div></div></td> |
| 251 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 252 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 253 | #include <stdlib.h> |
| 254 | #include <memory> |
| 255 | |
| 256 | void test() { |
| 257 | std::auto_ptr<int> p1(new int); // Ok |
| 258 | std::auto_ptr<int> p2(new int[3]); // warn |
| 259 | } |
| 260 | </pre></div> |
| 261 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 262 | #include <stdlib.h> |
| 263 | #include <memory> |
| 264 | |
| 265 | void test() { |
| 266 | std::auto_ptr<int> p((int *)malloc(sizeof(int))); // warn |
| 267 | } |
| 268 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 269 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 270 | |
| 271 | </table> |
| 272 | |
| 273 | <!-- ============================== dead code ============================== --> |
| 274 | <h3>dead code</h3> |
| 275 | <table class="checkers"> |
| 276 | <col class="namedescr"><col class="example"><col class="progress"> |
| 277 | <thead><tr><td>Name, Description</td><td>Example</td><td>Progress</td></tr></thead> |
| 278 | |
| 279 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 280 | deadcode.UnmodifiedVariable</span><span class="lang"> |
| 281 | (C, C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 282 | A variable is never modified but was not declared const and is not a |
| 283 | reference.<br><br><i>(opt-in checker)</i></div></div></td> |
| 284 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 285 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 286 | extern int computeDelta(); |
| 287 | |
| 288 | int test(bool cond) { |
| 289 | int i = 0; |
| 290 | if (cond) { |
| 291 | const int delta = computeDelta(); |
| 292 | // warn: forgot to modify 'i' |
| 293 | } |
| 294 | return i; |
| 295 | } |
| 296 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 297 | <td class="aligned"><a href="http://llvm.org/bugs/show_bug.cgi?id=16890">PR16890</a></td></tr> |
| 298 | |
| 299 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 300 | deadcode.IdempotentOperations</span><span class="lang"> |
| 301 | (C)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 302 | Warn about idempotent operations.</div></div></td> |
| 303 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 304 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 305 | void test() { |
| 306 | int x = 7; |
| 307 | x = x; // warn: value is always the same |
| 308 | } |
| 309 | </pre></div> |
| 310 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 311 | void test() { |
| 312 | int x = 7; |
| 313 | x /= x; // warn: value is always 1 |
| 314 | } |
| 315 | </pre></div> |
| 316 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 317 | void test() { |
| 318 | int x = 7, one = 1; |
| 319 | x *= one; // warn: right op is always 1 |
| 320 | } |
| 321 | </pre></div> |
| 322 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 323 | void test() { |
| 324 | int x = 7, zero = 0; |
| 325 | x = x - zero; |
| 326 | // warn: the right operand to '-' is always 0 |
| 327 | } |
| 328 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 329 | <td class="aligned">removed from alpha.deadcode.* at |
| 330 | <a href="https://reviews.llvm.org/rL198476">r198476</a></td></tr> |
| 331 | |
| 332 | </table> |
| 333 | |
| 334 | <!-- ================================ POSIX ================================ --> |
| 335 | <h3>POSIX</h3> |
| 336 | <table class="checkers"> |
| 337 | <col class="namedescr"><col class="example"><col class="progress"> |
| 338 | <thead><tr><td>Name, Description</td><td>Example</td><td>Progress</td></tr></thead> |
| 339 | |
| 340 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 341 | posix.Errno</span><span class="lang"> |
| 342 | (C)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 343 | Record that <code>errno</code> is non-zero when certain functions |
| 344 | fail.</div></div></td> |
| 345 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 346 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 347 | #include <stdlib.h> |
| 348 | |
| 349 | int readWrapper(int fd, int *count) { |
| 350 | int lcount = read(fd, globalBuf, sizeof(globalBuf)); |
| 351 | if (lcount < 0) |
| 352 | return errno; |
| 353 | *count = lcount; |
| 354 | return 0; |
| 355 | } |
| 356 | |
| 357 | void use(int fd) { |
| 358 | int count; |
| 359 | if (!readWrapper(fd, &count)) |
| 360 | print("%d", count); // should not warn |
| 361 | } |
| 362 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 363 | <td class="aligned"><a href="http://llvm.org/bugs/show_bug.cgi?id=18701">PR18701</a></td></tr> |
| 364 | |
| 365 | </table> |
| 366 | |
| 367 | <!-- ========================= undefined behavior ========================== --> |
| 368 | <h3>undefined behavior</h3> |
| 369 | <table class="checkers"> |
| 370 | <col class="namedescr"><col class="example"><col class="progress"> |
| 371 | <thead><tr><td>Name, Description</td><td>Example</td><td>Progress</td></tr></thead> |
| 372 | |
| 373 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 374 | undefbehavior.ExitInDtor</span><span class="lang"> |
| 375 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 376 | Undefined behavior: <code>std::exit()</code> is called to end the program during |
| 377 | the destruction of an object with static storage duration. |
| 378 | <p>Source: C++11 3.6.1p4.</p></div></div></td> |
| 379 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 380 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 381 | #include <cstdlib> |
| 382 | |
| 383 | class A { |
| 384 | public: |
| 385 | ~A() { |
| 386 | std::exit(1); // warn |
| 387 | } |
| 388 | }; |
| 389 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 390 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 391 | |
| 392 | |
| 393 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 394 | undefbehavior.LocalStaticDestroyed</span><span class="lang"> |
| 395 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 396 | Undefined behavior: function containing a definition of static local object is |
| 397 | called during the destruction of an object with static storage duration so that |
| 398 | flow of control passes through the definition of the previously destroyed |
| 399 | static local object. |
| 400 | <p>Source: C++11 3.6.3p2.</p></div></div></td> |
| 401 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 402 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 403 | void f(); |
| 404 | |
| 405 | class A { |
| 406 | public: |
| 407 | ~A() { |
| 408 | f(); // warn |
| 409 | } |
| 410 | }; |
| 411 | |
| 412 | class B {}; |
| 413 | |
| 414 | A a; |
| 415 | |
| 416 | void f() { |
| 417 | static B b; |
| 418 | } |
| 419 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 420 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 421 | |
| 422 | |
| 423 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 424 | undefbehavior.ZeroAllocDereference</span><span class="lang"> |
| 425 | (C, C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 426 | The effect of dereferencing a pointer returned as a request for zero size is |
| 427 | undefined.<br> |
| 428 | Note: possibly an enhancement to <span class="name"> |
| 429 | unix.Malloc</span>. |
| 430 | <p>Source: C++03 3.7.3.1p2; C++11 3.7.4.1p2.</p></div></div></td> |
| 431 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 432 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 433 | #include <stdlib.h> |
| 434 | |
| 435 | void test() { |
| 436 | int *p = (int *)malloc(0); |
| 437 | *p = 1; // warn |
| 438 | free(p); |
| 439 | } |
| 440 | </pre></div> |
| 441 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 442 | void f(int); |
| 443 | |
| 444 | void test() { |
| 445 | int *p = new int[0]; |
| 446 | f(*p); // warn |
| 447 | delete[] p; |
| 448 | } |
| 449 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 450 | <td class="aligned"><a href="http://reviews.llvm.org/D8273">D8273</a></td></tr> |
| 451 | |
| 452 | |
| 453 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 454 | undefbehavior.DeadReferenced</span><span class="lang"> |
| 455 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 456 | Undefined behavior: the following usage of the pointer to the object whose |
| 457 | lifetime has ended can result in undefined behavior:<br> |
| 458 | The object will be or was of a class type with a non-trivial destructor and |
| 459 | <ul><li>the pointer is used as the operand of a delete-expression</li></ul> |
| 460 | The object will be or was of a non-POD class type (C++11: any class type) and |
| 461 | <ul><li>the pointer is used to access a non-static data member or call a |
| 462 | non-static member function of the object</li> |
| 463 | <li>the pointer is implicitly converted to a pointer to a base class |
| 464 | type</li> |
| 465 | <li>the pointer is used as the operand of a <code>static_cast</code> (except |
| 466 | when the conversion is to <code>void*</code>, or to <code>void*</code> and |
| 467 | subsequently to <code>char*</code>, or <code>unsigned char*</code>)</li> |
| 468 | <li>the pointer is used as the operand of a <code>dynamic_cast</code></li></ul> |
| 469 | <p>Source: C++03 3.8p5, p7; C++11 3.8p5, p7.</p></div></div></td> |
| 470 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 471 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 472 | #include <new> |
| 473 | |
| 474 | class A { |
| 475 | public: |
| 476 | ~A(); |
| 477 | }; |
| 478 | |
| 479 | class B : public A {}; |
| 480 | |
| 481 | void test() { |
| 482 | A *a = new A; |
| 483 | new(a) B; |
| 484 | delete a; // warn |
| 485 | } |
| 486 | </pre></div> |
| 487 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 488 | #include <new> |
| 489 | |
| 490 | class A { |
| 491 | public: |
| 492 | ~A(); |
| 493 | }; |
| 494 | |
| 495 | class B {}; |
| 496 | |
| 497 | void test() { |
| 498 | A *a = new A; |
| 499 | new(a) B; |
| 500 | a->~A(); |
| 501 | } |
| 502 | </pre></div> |
| 503 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 504 | #include <new> |
| 505 | |
| 506 | class A { |
| 507 | public: |
| 508 | ~A(); |
| 509 | }; |
| 510 | |
| 511 | class B : public A {}; |
| 512 | |
| 513 | class C {}; |
| 514 | |
| 515 | void f(A*); |
| 516 | |
| 517 | void test() { |
| 518 | B *b = new B; |
| 519 | new(b) C; |
| 520 | f(b); // warn |
| 521 | } |
| 522 | </pre></div> |
| 523 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 524 | #include <new> |
| 525 | |
| 526 | class A { |
| 527 | public: |
| 528 | ~A(); |
| 529 | }; |
| 530 | |
| 531 | class B : public A {}; |
| 532 | |
| 533 | class C {}; |
| 534 | |
| 535 | A* test() { |
| 536 | B *b = new B; |
| 537 | new(b) C; |
| 538 | return static_cast<A*>(b); // warn |
| 539 | } |
| 540 | </pre></div> |
| 541 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 542 | #include <new> |
| 543 | |
| 544 | class A { |
| 545 | public: |
| 546 | ~A(); |
| 547 | }; |
| 548 | |
| 549 | class B : public A {}; |
| 550 | |
| 551 | class C {}; |
| 552 | |
| 553 | A* test() { |
| 554 | B *b = new B; |
| 555 | new(b) C; |
| 556 | return dynamic_cast<A*>(b); // warn |
| 557 | } |
| 558 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 559 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 560 | |
| 561 | |
| 562 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 563 | undefbehavior.ObjLocChanges</span><span class="lang"> |
| 564 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 565 | Undefined behavior: the program must ensure that an object occupies the same |
| 566 | storage location when the implicit or explicit destructor call takes place. |
| 567 | <p>Source: C++11 3.8p8.</p></div></div></td> |
| 568 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 569 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 570 | #include <new> |
| 571 | |
| 572 | class A {}; |
| 573 | |
| 574 | class B { |
| 575 | public: |
| 576 | ~B(); |
| 577 | }; |
| 578 | |
| 579 | void test() { |
| 580 | B b; |
| 581 | new (&b) A; |
| 582 | } // warn |
| 583 | </pre></div> |
| 584 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 585 | #include <new> |
| 586 | |
| 587 | class A {}; |
| 588 | |
| 589 | class B { |
| 590 | public: |
| 591 | ~B(); |
| 592 | }; |
| 593 | |
| 594 | void test() { |
| 595 | B *b = new B; |
| 596 | new (b) A; |
| 597 | delete b; // warn |
| 598 | } |
| 599 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 600 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 601 | |
| 602 | |
| 603 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 604 | undefbehavior.ExprEvalOrderUndef</span><span class="lang"> |
| 605 | (C, C++03)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 606 | Undefined behavior: a scalar object shall have its stored value modified at |
| 607 | most once by the evaluation of an expression.<br> |
| 608 | Note: most cases are currently handled by the Clang core (search for 'multiple |
| 609 | unsequenced modifications' warning in Clang tests). |
| 610 | <p>Source: C++03 5p4.</p></div></div></td> |
| 611 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 612 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 613 | int test () { |
| 614 | int i = 0; |
| 615 | i = ++i + 1; // warn |
| 616 | return i; |
| 617 | } |
| 618 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 619 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 620 | |
| 621 | |
| 622 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 623 | undefbehavior.StaticInitReentered</span><span class="lang"> |
| 624 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 625 | Undefined behavior: static declaration is re-entered while the object is being |
| 626 | initialized. |
| 627 | <p>Source: C++11 6.7p4.</p></div></div></td> |
| 628 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 629 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 630 | int test(int i) { |
| 631 | static int s = test(2 * i); // warn |
| 632 | return i + 1; |
| 633 | } |
| 634 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 635 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 636 | |
| 637 | |
| 638 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 639 | undefbehavior.ConstModified</span><span class="lang"> |
| 640 | (C, C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 641 | Undefined behavior: const object is being modified. |
| 642 | <p>Source: C++03 7.1.5.1p4, C++11 7.1.6.1p4.</p></div></div></td> |
| 643 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 644 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 645 | void test() { |
| 646 | const int *cp = new const int (0); |
| 647 | int *p = const_cast<int *>(cp); |
| 648 | *p = 1; // warn |
| 649 | delete p; |
| 650 | } |
| 651 | </pre></div> |
| 652 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 653 | class C { |
| 654 | public : |
| 655 | int i; |
| 656 | C(); |
| 657 | }; |
| 658 | |
| 659 | void test() { |
| 660 | const C cb; |
| 661 | |
| 662 | C* cp = const_cast<C *>(&cb); |
| 663 | cp->i = 1; // warn |
| 664 | } |
| 665 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 666 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 667 | |
| 668 | |
| 669 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 670 | undefbehavior.DeadDestructed</span><span class="lang"> |
| 671 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 672 | Undefined behavior: the destructor is invoked for an object whose lifetime |
| 673 | has ended. |
| 674 | <p>Source: C++11 12.4p14.</p></div></div></td> |
| 675 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 676 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 677 | class A { |
| 678 | public: |
| 679 | void f(); |
| 680 | A(); |
| 681 | ~A(); |
| 682 | }; |
| 683 | |
| 684 | void test() { |
| 685 | A a; |
| 686 | a.~A(); |
| 687 | } // warn |
| 688 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 689 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 690 | |
| 691 | |
| 692 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 693 | undefbehavior.MethodCallBeforeBaseInit</span><span class="lang"> |
| 694 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 695 | Undefined behavior: calls member function but base not yet initialized. |
| 696 | <p>Source: C++03 12.6.2p8; C++11 12.6.2p13.</p></div></div></td> |
| 697 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 698 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 699 | class A { |
| 700 | public : |
| 701 | A(int); |
| 702 | }; |
| 703 | |
| 704 | class B : public A { |
| 705 | public : |
| 706 | int f(); |
| 707 | B() : A(f()) {} // warn |
| 708 | }; |
| 709 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 710 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 711 | |
| 712 | |
| 713 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 714 | undefbehavior.MemberOrBaseRefBeforeCtor</span><span class="lang"> |
| 715 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 716 | C++ Undefined behavior: non-static member or base class of non-POD class type |
| 717 | is referred before constructor begins execution.<br> |
| 718 | C++11 Undefined behavior: non-static member or base class of a class with a |
| 719 | non-trivial constructor is referred before constructor begins execution. |
| 720 | <p>Source: C++03 12.7p1; C++11 12.7p1.</p></div></div></td> |
| 721 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 722 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 723 | struct non_POD { |
| 724 | int i; |
| 725 | non_POD(); |
| 726 | }; |
| 727 | |
| 728 | extern non_POD non_pod; |
| 729 | |
| 730 | int *p = &non_pod.i; // warn |
| 731 | </pre></div> |
| 732 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 733 | struct POD { |
| 734 | int i; |
| 735 | }; |
| 736 | |
| 737 | struct non_POD : public POD { |
| 738 | POD pod; |
| 739 | }; |
| 740 | |
| 741 | extern non_POD non_pod; |
| 742 | |
| 743 | int *p = &non_pod.pod.i; // warn |
| 744 | </pre></div> |
| 745 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 746 | struct POD { |
| 747 | int i; |
| 748 | }; |
| 749 | |
| 750 | struct non_POD : public POD {}; |
| 751 | |
| 752 | extern non_POD non_pod; |
| 753 | |
| 754 | POD *p = &non_pod; // warn |
| 755 | </pre></div> |
| 756 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 757 | struct non_POD { |
| 758 | int i; |
| 759 | non_POD(); |
| 760 | }; |
| 761 | |
| 762 | struct S { |
| 763 | int *k; |
| 764 | non_POD non_pod; |
| 765 | S() : k(&non_pod.i) {} // warn |
| 766 | }; |
| 767 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 768 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 769 | |
| 770 | |
| 771 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 772 | undefbehavior.MemberRefAfterDtor</span><span class="lang"> |
| 773 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 774 | C++03: Undefined behavior: non-static member of non-POD class type is referred |
| 775 | after destructor ends execution.<br> |
| 776 | C++11: Undefined behavior: non-static member of a class with a non-trivial |
| 777 | destructor is referred after destructor ends execution. |
| 778 | <p>Source: C++03 12.7p1; C++11 12.7p1.</p></div></div></td> |
| 779 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 780 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 781 | class C { |
| 782 | public: |
| 783 | C(); |
| 784 | void f(); |
| 785 | }; |
| 786 | |
| 787 | void test() { |
| 788 | C *c = new C(); |
| 789 | c->~C(); |
| 790 | c->f(); // warn |
| 791 | } |
| 792 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 793 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 794 | |
| 795 | |
| 796 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 797 | undefbehavior.CtorForeignCall</span><span class="lang"> |
| 798 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 799 | Undefined behavior: call to virtual function of an object under construction |
| 800 | whose type is neither the constructors own class or one of its bases. |
| 801 | <p>Source: C++11 12.7p4.</p></div></div></td> |
| 802 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 803 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 804 | class A { |
| 805 | public: |
| 806 | virtual void f() {}; |
| 807 | }; |
| 808 | |
| 809 | class B { |
| 810 | public: |
| 811 | B(A* a) { a->f(); } // warn |
| 812 | }; |
| 813 | |
| 814 | class C : public A, B { |
| 815 | public: |
| 816 | C() : B((A*)this) {} |
| 817 | }; |
| 818 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 819 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 820 | |
| 821 | |
| 822 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 823 | undefbehavior.CtorForeignTypeid</span><span class="lang"> |
| 824 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 825 | Undefined behavior: the operand of <code>typeid</code> is an object under |
| 826 | construction whose type is neither the constructors own class or one of its |
| 827 | bases. |
| 828 | <p>Source: C++11 12.7p5.</p></div></div></td> |
| 829 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 830 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 831 | #include <typeinfo> |
| 832 | |
| 833 | class A {}; |
| 834 | |
| 835 | class B { |
| 836 | public: |
| 837 | B(A* a) { |
| 838 | (void)typeid(*a); // warn |
| 839 | } |
| 840 | }; |
| 841 | |
| 842 | class C : public A, B { |
| 843 | public: |
| 844 | C() : B((A*)this) {} |
| 845 | }; |
| 846 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 847 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 848 | |
| 849 | |
| 850 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 851 | undefbehavior.CtorForeignCast</span><span class="lang"> |
| 852 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 853 | Undefined behavior: the operand of <code>dynamic_cast</code> is an object under |
| 854 | construction whose type is neither the constructors own class or one of its |
| 855 | bases. |
| 856 | <p>Source: C++11 12.7p6.</p></div></div></td> |
| 857 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 858 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 859 | #include <typeinfo> |
| 860 | |
| 861 | class A { |
| 862 | public: |
| 863 | virtual void f() {}; |
| 864 | }; |
| 865 | |
| 866 | class B { |
| 867 | public: |
| 868 | B(A* a) { |
| 869 | (void)dynamic_cast<B*>(a); //warn |
| 870 | } |
| 871 | }; |
| 872 | |
| 873 | class C : public A, B { |
| 874 | public: |
| 875 | C() : B((A*)this) {} |
| 876 | }; |
| 877 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 878 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 879 | |
| 880 | |
| 881 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 882 | undefbehavior.MemberOrBaseRefInCatch</span><span class="lang"> |
| 883 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 884 | Undefined behavior: referring to any non-static member or base class of an |
| 885 | object in the handler for a function-try-block of a constructor or destructor |
| 886 | for that object results in undefined behavior. |
| 887 | <p>Source: C++11 15.3p10.</p></div></div></td> |
| 888 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 889 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 890 | void f() { throw 1; } |
| 891 | |
| 892 | class C { |
| 893 | int i; |
| 894 | public : |
| 895 | C() |
| 896 | try { |
| 897 | f(); |
| 898 | } |
| 899 | catch (...) { |
| 900 | i=2; // warn |
| 901 | } |
| 902 | }; |
| 903 | </pre></div> |
| 904 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 905 | void f() { throw 1; } |
| 906 | |
| 907 | class Base { |
| 908 | public: |
| 909 | int i; |
| 910 | }; |
| 911 | |
| 912 | class C: public Base { |
| 913 | public : |
| 914 | ~C() try { |
| 915 | f(); |
| 916 | } |
| 917 | catch (...) { |
| 918 | i=2; // warn |
| 919 | } |
| 920 | }; |
| 921 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 922 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 923 | |
| 924 | |
| 925 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 926 | undefbehavior.ReturnAtCatchEnd</span><span class="lang"> |
| 927 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 928 | Undefined behavior: a function returns when control reaches the end of a |
| 929 | handler. This results in undefined behavior in a value-returning function. |
| 930 | <p>Source: C++11 15.3p10.</p></div></div></td> |
| 931 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 932 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 933 | void f() { throw 1; } |
| 934 | |
| 935 | int test() try { |
| 936 | f(); |
| 937 | return 1; |
| 938 | } |
| 939 | catch(int) { |
| 940 | } // warn |
| 941 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 942 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 943 | |
| 944 | |
| 945 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 946 | undefbehavior.AutoptrsOwnSameObj</span><span class="lang"> |
| 947 | (C++03)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 948 | Undefined behavior: if more than one <code>auto_ptr</code> owns the same object |
| 949 | at the same time the behavior of the program is undefined. |
| 950 | <p>Source: C++03 20.4.5p3; C++11 <code>auto_ptr</code> is deprecated |
| 951 | (D.10).</p></div></div></td> |
| 952 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 953 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 954 | #include <memory> |
| 955 | |
| 956 | void test() { |
| 957 | int *data = new int; |
| 958 | std::auto_ptr<int> p(data); |
| 959 | std::auto_ptr<int> q(data); // warn |
| 960 | } |
| 961 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 962 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 963 | |
| 964 | |
| 965 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 966 | undefbehavior.BasicStringOutOfBound</span><span class="lang"> |
| 967 | (C++03)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 968 | Undefined behavior: out-of-bound <code>basic_string</code> access/modification. |
| 969 | <br>Note: possibly an enhancement to <span class="name"> |
| 970 | alpha.security.ArrayBoundV2</span>. |
| 971 | <p>Source: C++03 21.3.4p1; C++11 behavior is defined |
| 972 | (21.4.5p2).</p></div></div></td> |
| 973 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 974 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 975 | #include <string> |
| 976 | |
| 977 | void test() { |
| 978 | std::basic_string<char> s; |
| 979 | char c = s[10]; // warn |
| 980 | } |
| 981 | </pre></div> |
| 982 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 983 | #include <string> |
| 984 | |
| 985 | void test() { |
| 986 | std::basic_string<char> s; |
| 987 | s[10] = 0; // warn |
| 988 | } |
| 989 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 990 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 991 | |
| 992 | |
| 993 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 994 | undefbehavior.EosDereference</span><span class="lang"> |
| 995 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 996 | Undefined behavior: the result of <code>operator*()</code> on an end of a |
| 997 | stream is undefined. |
| 998 | <p>Source: C++03 24.5.3p2; C++11 24.6.3p2.</p></div></div></td> |
| 999 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 1000 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1001 | #include <vector> |
| 1002 | |
| 1003 | int test() { |
| 1004 | std::vector<int> v; |
| 1005 | return *v.end(); // warn |
| 1006 | } |
| 1007 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 1008 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 1009 | |
| 1010 | |
| 1011 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 1012 | undefbehavior.QsortNonPODNonTrivial</span><span class="lang"> |
| 1013 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 1014 | C++03: Undefined behavior: the objects in the array passed to qsort are of |
| 1015 | non-POD type.<br> |
| 1016 | C++11: Undefined behavior: the objects in the array passed to qsort are of |
| 1017 | non-trivial type. |
| 1018 | <p>Source: C++03 25.4p4; C++11 25.5p4.</p></div></div></td> |
| 1019 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 1020 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1021 | // C++03 |
| 1022 | #include <cstdlib> |
| 1023 | |
| 1024 | |
| 1025 | struct non_POD { |
| 1026 | non_POD(); |
| 1027 | }; |
| 1028 | |
| 1029 | non_POD values[] = { non_POD(), non_POD() }; |
| 1030 | |
| 1031 | int compare(const void *a, const void *b); |
| 1032 | |
| 1033 | void test() { |
| 1034 | qsort(values, 2, sizeof(non_POD), compare); // warn |
| 1035 | } |
| 1036 | </pre></div> |
| 1037 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1038 | // C++11 |
| 1039 | #include <cstdlib> |
| 1040 | |
| 1041 | struct S {}; |
| 1042 | |
| 1043 | struct trivial_non_POD : public S { |
| 1044 | int i; |
| 1045 | }; |
| 1046 | |
| 1047 | struct non_trivial { |
| 1048 | int i; |
| 1049 | non_trivial(); |
| 1050 | }; |
| 1051 | |
| 1052 | trivial_non_POD tnp[2]; |
| 1053 | non_trivial nt[2]; |
| 1054 | |
| 1055 | int compare1(const void *a, const void *b); |
| 1056 | |
| 1057 | int compare2(const void *a, const void *b); |
| 1058 | |
| 1059 | void test() { |
| 1060 | qsort(tnp, 2, sizeof(trivial_non_POD), compare1); // ok |
| 1061 | qsort(nt, 2, sizeof(non_trivial), compare2); // warn |
| 1062 | } |
| 1063 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 1064 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 1065 | |
| 1066 | |
| 1067 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 1068 | undefbehavior.ThrowWhileCopy</span><span class="lang"> |
| 1069 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 1070 | Undefined behavior: copy constructor/assignment operator can throw an exception. |
| 1071 | The effects are undefined if an exception is thrown.</div></div></td> |
| 1072 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 1073 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1074 | class C { |
| 1075 | public: |
| 1076 | int i, j; |
| 1077 | C (const C &c) { |
| 1078 | i = c.i; |
| 1079 | throw 1; // warn |
| 1080 | j = c.j; |
| 1081 | }; |
| 1082 | }; |
| 1083 | </pre></div> |
| 1084 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1085 | class C { |
| 1086 | public: |
| 1087 | int i, j; |
| 1088 | C &operator=(const C &c) { |
| 1089 | i = c.i; |
| 1090 | throw 1; // warn |
| 1091 | j = c.j; |
| 1092 | }; |
| 1093 | }; |
| 1094 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 1095 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 1096 | |
| 1097 | |
| 1098 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 1099 | undefbehavior.ValarrayArgBound</span><span class="lang"> |
| 1100 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 1101 | Undefined behavior: the value of the <code><i>n</i></code> argument passed |
| 1102 | to <code>valarray</code> constructor is greater than the number of values |
| 1103 | pointed to by the first argument (source). |
| 1104 | <p>Source: C++03 26.3.2.1p4; C++11 26.6.2.2p4.</p></div></div></td> |
| 1105 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 1106 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1107 | #include <valarray> |
| 1108 | |
| 1109 | struct S { |
| 1110 | int i; |
| 1111 | S(int ii) : i(ii) {}; |
| 1112 | }; |
| 1113 | |
| 1114 | void test(void) { |
| 1115 | S s[] = { S(1), S(2) }; |
| 1116 | std::valarray<S> v(s,3); // warn |
| 1117 | } |
| 1118 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 1119 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 1120 | |
| 1121 | |
| 1122 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 1123 | undefbehavior.ValarrayLengthDiffer</span><span class="lang"> |
| 1124 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 1125 | Undefined behavior: <code>valarray</code> operands are of different length. |
| 1126 | <p>Source: C++03 26.3.2.2p1, 26.3.2.6p3, 26.3.3.1p3, 26.3.3.2p3; |
| 1127 | C++11 defined (26.6.2.3p1), 26.6.2.7p3, 26.6.3.1p3, |
| 1128 | 26.6.3.2p3.</p></div></div></td> |
| 1129 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 1130 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1131 | // C++03 |
| 1132 | #include <valarray> |
| 1133 | |
| 1134 | void test(void) { |
| 1135 | std::valarray<int> a(0, 1), b(0, 2); |
| 1136 | a = b; // warn |
| 1137 | b.resize(1); |
| 1138 | a = b; // ok |
| 1139 | } |
| 1140 | </pre></div> |
| 1141 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1142 | // C++03, C++11 |
| 1143 | #include <valarray> |
| 1144 | |
| 1145 | void test(void) { |
| 1146 | std::valarray<int> a(0, 1), b(0, 2); |
| 1147 | a *= b; // warn |
| 1148 | } |
| 1149 | </pre></div> |
| 1150 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1151 | // C++03, C++11 |
| 1152 | #include <valarray> |
| 1153 | |
| 1154 | void test(void) { |
| 1155 | std::valarray<int> a(0, 1), b(0, 2); |
| 1156 | a = a + b; // warn |
| 1157 | } |
| 1158 | </pre></div> |
| 1159 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1160 | // C++03, C++11 |
| 1161 | #include <valarray> |
| 1162 | |
| 1163 | void test(void) { |
| 1164 | std::valarray<int> a(0, 1), b(0, 2); |
| 1165 | std::valarray<bool> c(false, 1); |
| 1166 | c = a == b; // warn |
| 1167 | } |
| 1168 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 1169 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 1170 | |
| 1171 | |
| 1172 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 1173 | undefbehavior.ValarrayZeroLength</span><span class="lang"> |
| 1174 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 1175 | Undefined behavior: calling <code>sum()</code>/<code>min()</code>/<code> |
| 1176 | max()</code> methods of a zero length <code>valarray<code> the behavior is |
| 1177 | undefined. |
| 1178 | <p>Source: C++03 26.3.2.7p2, p3, p4; C++11 26.6.2.8p5, p6, |
| 1179 | p7.</p></div></div></td> |
| 1180 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 1181 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1182 | #include <valarray> |
| 1183 | |
| 1184 | void test(void) { |
| 1185 | std::valarray<int> v(0, 0); |
| 1186 | v.sum(); // warn |
| 1187 | } |
| 1188 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 1189 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 1190 | |
| 1191 | |
| 1192 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 1193 | undefbehavior.ValarrayBadIndirection</span><span class="lang"> |
| 1194 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 1195 | Undefined behavior: element is specified more than once in an indirection. |
| 1196 | <p>Source: C++03 26.3.9.2p2, 26.3.9.3p2; C++11 26.6.9.2p2, |
| 1197 | 26.6.9.3p2.</p></div></div></td> |
| 1198 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 1199 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1200 | #include <valarray> |
| 1201 | |
| 1202 | void test() { |
| 1203 | // '1' is specified more then once |
| 1204 | size_t addr[] = {0, 1, 1}; |
| 1205 | std::valarray<size_t>indirect(addr, 3); |
| 1206 | std::valarray<int> a(0, 5), b(1, 3); |
| 1207 | a[indirect] = b; //warn |
| 1208 | } |
| 1209 | </pre></div> |
| 1210 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1211 | #include <valarray> |
| 1212 | |
| 1213 | void test() { |
| 1214 | // '1' is specified more then once |
| 1215 | size_t addr[] = {0, 1, 1}; |
| 1216 | std::valarray<size_t>indirect(addr, 3); |
| 1217 | std::valarray<int> a(0, 5), b(1, 3); |
| 1218 | a[indirect] *= b; //warn |
| 1219 | } |
| 1220 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 1221 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 1222 | |
| 1223 | |
| 1224 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 1225 | undefbehavior.IosBaseDestroyedBeforeInit</span><span class="lang"> |
| 1226 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 1227 | Undefined behavior: <code>ios_base</code> object is destroyed before |
| 1228 | initialization have taken place. <code>basic_ios::init</code> should be call to |
| 1229 | initialize <code>ios_base</code> members. |
| 1230 | <p>Source: C++03 27.4.2.7p1, 27.4.4.1p2; C++11 27.5.3.7p1, |
| 1231 | 27.5.5.2p2.</p></div></div></td> |
| 1232 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 1233 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1234 | #include <ios> |
| 1235 | |
| 1236 | using namespace std; |
| 1237 | template <class T, class Traits = std::char_traits<T> > |
| 1238 | class my_stream1 : public std::basic_ios<T, Traits> { |
| 1239 | }; |
| 1240 | |
| 1241 | template <class T, class Traits = std::char_traits<T> > |
| 1242 | class my_stream2 : public std::basic_ios<T, Traits> { |
| 1243 | class my_streambuf |
| 1244 | : public std::basic_streambuf<T, Traits> { |
| 1245 | }; |
| 1246 | public: |
| 1247 | my_stream2() { |
| 1248 | this->init(new my_streambuf); |
| 1249 | } |
| 1250 | }; |
| 1251 | |
| 1252 | void test() { |
| 1253 | my_stream1<char> *p1 = new my_stream1<char>; |
| 1254 | my_stream2<char> *p2 = new my_stream2<char>; |
| 1255 | delete p1; // warn |
| 1256 | delete p2; // ok |
| 1257 | } |
| 1258 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 1259 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 1260 | |
| 1261 | |
| 1262 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 1263 | undefbehavior.IosBaseUsedBeforeInit</span><span class="lang"> |
| 1264 | (C++11)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 1265 | Undefined behavior: <code>ios_base</code> object is used before initialization |
| 1266 | have taken place. <code>basic_ios::init</code> should be call to |
| 1267 | initialize <code>ios_base</code> members. |
| 1268 | <p>Source: C++11 27.5.3.7p1, 27.5.5.2p2.</p></div></div></td> |
| 1269 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 1270 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1271 | #include <ios> |
| 1272 | |
| 1273 | using namespace std; |
| 1274 | template <class T, class Traits = std::char_traits<T> > |
| 1275 | class my_stream1 : public std::basic_ios<T, Traits> { |
| 1276 | }; |
| 1277 | |
| 1278 | template <class T, class Traits = std::char_traits<T> > |
| 1279 | class my_stream2 : public std::basic_ios<T, Traits> { |
| 1280 | class my_streambuf |
| 1281 | : public std::basic_streambuf<T, Traits> { |
| 1282 | }; |
| 1283 | public: |
| 1284 | my_stream2() { |
| 1285 | this->init(new my_streambuf); |
| 1286 | } |
| 1287 | }; |
| 1288 | |
| 1289 | void test() { |
| 1290 | my_stream1<char> *p1 = new my_stream1<char>; |
| 1291 | my_stream2<char> *p2 = new my_stream2<char>; |
| 1292 | p1->narrow('a', 'b'); // warn |
| 1293 | p2->narrow('a', 'b'); // ok |
| 1294 | } |
| 1295 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 1296 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 1297 | |
| 1298 | |
| 1299 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 1300 | undefbehavior.MinusOnePosType</span><span class="lang"> |
| 1301 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 1302 | Undefined behavior: passing -1 to any <code>streambuf</code>/<code> |
| 1303 | istream</code>/<code>ostream</code> member that accepts a value of |
| 1304 | type <code>traits::pos_type</code> result in undefined behavior. |
| 1305 | <p>Source: C++03 27.4.3.2p3; C++11 27.5.4.2p3.</p></div></div></td> |
| 1306 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 1307 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1308 | #include <fstream> |
| 1309 | |
| 1310 | class my_streambuf : public std::streambuf { |
| 1311 | void f() { |
| 1312 | seekpos(-1); // warn |
| 1313 | } |
| 1314 | }; |
| 1315 | </pre></div> |
| 1316 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1317 | #include <fstream> |
| 1318 | |
| 1319 | void test() { |
| 1320 | std::filebuf fb; |
| 1321 | std::istream in(&fb); |
| 1322 | std::filebuf::off_type pos(-1); |
| 1323 | in.seekg(pos); // warn |
| 1324 | } |
| 1325 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 1326 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 1327 | |
| 1328 | </table> |
| 1329 | |
| 1330 | <!-- ============================ different ================================ --> |
| 1331 | <h3>different</h3> |
| 1332 | <table class="checkers"> |
| 1333 | <col class="namedescr"><col class="example"><col class="progress"> |
| 1334 | <thead><tr><td>Name, Description</td><td>Example</td><td>Progress</td></tr> |
| 1335 | </thead> |
| 1336 | |
| 1337 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 1338 | different.SuccessiveAssign</span><span class="lang"> |
| 1339 | (C)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 1340 | Successive assign to a variable.</div></div></td> |
| 1341 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 1342 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1343 | int test() { |
| 1344 | int i; |
| 1345 | i=1; |
| 1346 | i=2; // warn |
| 1347 | return i; |
| 1348 | } |
| 1349 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 1350 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 1351 | |
| 1352 | |
| 1353 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 1354 | different.NullDerefStmtOrder</span><span class="lang"> |
| 1355 | (C)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 1356 | Dereferencing of the null pointer might take place. Checking the pointer for |
| 1357 | null should be performed first. |
| 1358 | <br>Note: possibly an enhancement to <span class="name"> |
| 1359 | core.NullDereference</span>.</div></div></td> |
| 1360 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 1361 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1362 | struct S { |
| 1363 | int x; |
| 1364 | }; |
| 1365 | |
| 1366 | struct S* f(); |
| 1367 | |
| 1368 | void test() { |
| 1369 | struct S *p1 = f(); |
| 1370 | int x1 = p1->x; // warn |
| 1371 | if (p1) {}; |
| 1372 | |
| 1373 | struct S *p2 = f(); |
| 1374 | int x2 = p2->x; // ok |
| 1375 | } |
| 1376 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 1377 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 1378 | |
| 1379 | |
| 1380 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 1381 | different.NullDerefCondOrder</span><span class="lang"> |
| 1382 | (C)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 1383 | Dereferencing of the null pointer might take place. Checking the pointer for |
| 1384 | null should be performed first. |
| 1385 | <br>Note: possibly an enhancement to <span class="name"> |
| 1386 | core.NullDereference</span>.</div></div></td> |
| 1387 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 1388 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1389 | struct S {int i;}; |
| 1390 | |
| 1391 | struct S* f(); |
| 1392 | |
| 1393 | void test() { |
| 1394 | struct S *p = f(); |
| 1395 | if (p->i && p) {}; // warn |
| 1396 | } |
| 1397 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 1398 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 1399 | |
| 1400 | |
| 1401 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 1402 | different.MultipleAccessors</span><span class="lang"> |
| 1403 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 1404 | Identical accessor bodies. Possibly a misprint.</div></div></td> |
| 1405 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 1406 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1407 | class A { |
| 1408 | int i; |
| 1409 | int j; |
| 1410 | public: |
| 1411 | int getI() { return i; } |
| 1412 | int getJ() { return i; } // warn |
| 1413 | }; |
| 1414 | </pre></div> |
| 1415 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1416 | class A { |
| 1417 | int i; |
| 1418 | int j; |
| 1419 | public: |
| 1420 | void setI(int& ii) { i = ii; } |
| 1421 | void setJ(int& jj) { i = jj; } // warn |
| 1422 | }; |
| 1423 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 1424 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 1425 | |
| 1426 | |
| 1427 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 1428 | different.AccessorsForPublic</span><span class="lang"> |
| 1429 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 1430 | Accessors exist for a public class field. Should this field really be |
| 1431 | public?</div></div></td> |
| 1432 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 1433 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1434 | class A { |
| 1435 | public: |
| 1436 | int i; // warn |
| 1437 | int getI() { return i; } |
| 1438 | void setI(int& ii) { i = ii; } |
| 1439 | }; |
| 1440 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 1441 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 1442 | |
| 1443 | |
| 1444 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 1445 | different.LibFuncResultUnised</span><span class="lang"> |
| 1446 | (C, C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 1447 | Calling a function ignoring its return value is of no use (create the list of |
| 1448 | known system/library/API functions falling into this category).</div></div></td> |
| 1449 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 1450 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1451 | #include <vector> |
| 1452 | |
| 1453 | void test() { |
| 1454 | std::vector<int> v; |
| 1455 | v.empty(); // warn |
| 1456 | } |
| 1457 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 1458 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 1459 | |
| 1460 | |
| 1461 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 1462 | different.WrongVarForStmt</span><span class="lang"> |
| 1463 | (C, C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 1464 | Wrong variable is possibly used in the loop/cond-expression of |
| 1465 | the <code>for</code> statement. Did you mean |
| 1466 | 'proper_variable_name'?</div></div></td> |
| 1467 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 1468 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1469 | void test() { |
| 1470 | int i = 0; |
| 1471 | int j = 0; |
| 1472 | for (i = 0; i < 3; j += 1); // warn |
| 1473 | } |
| 1474 | </pre></div> |
| 1475 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1476 | void test() { |
| 1477 | int i = 0; |
| 1478 | int j = 0; |
| 1479 | for (int j = 0; i < 3; ++j); // warn |
| 1480 | } |
| 1481 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 1482 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 1483 | |
| 1484 | |
| 1485 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 1486 | different.FloatingCompare</span><span class="lang"> |
| 1487 | (C)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 1488 | Comparing floating point numbers may be not precise.</div></div></td> |
| 1489 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 1490 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1491 | #include <math.h> |
| 1492 | |
| 1493 | double test() { |
| 1494 | double b = sin(M_PI / 6.0); |
| 1495 | if (b == 0.5) // warn |
| 1496 | b = 0; |
| 1497 | return b; |
| 1498 | } |
| 1499 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 1500 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 1501 | |
| 1502 | |
| 1503 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 1504 | different.BitwiseOpBoolArg</span><span class="lang"> |
| 1505 | (C, C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 1506 | Boolean value met at the left/right part of the bitwise <code>&</code> |
| 1507 | or <code>|</code> operator. |
| 1508 | Did you mean <code>&&</code> (<code>||</code>) ?</div></div></td> |
| 1509 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 1510 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1511 | int f(); |
| 1512 | |
| 1513 | void test() { |
| 1514 | bool b = true; |
| 1515 | if (b & f()) {} // warn |
| 1516 | } |
| 1517 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 1518 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 1519 | |
| 1520 | |
| 1521 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 1522 | different.LabelInsideSwitch</span><span class="lang"> |
| 1523 | (C)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 1524 | Possibly a misprint: label found inside a <code>switch()</code> |
| 1525 | statement.</div></div></td> |
| 1526 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 1527 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1528 | void test(int c) { |
| 1529 | switch(c){ |
| 1530 | case 1: |
| 1531 | c += 1; break; |
| 1532 | defalt: // warn (did you mean 'default'?) |
| 1533 | c -= 1; break; |
| 1534 | } |
| 1535 | } |
| 1536 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 1537 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 1538 | |
| 1539 | |
| 1540 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 1541 | different.IdenticalCondIfIf</span><span class="lang"> |
| 1542 | (C)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 1543 | The conditions of two subsequent <code>if</code> statements are |
| 1544 | identical.</div></div></td> |
| 1545 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 1546 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1547 | int test(int c) { |
| 1548 | if (c > 5) |
| 1549 | c += 1; |
| 1550 | if (c > 5) // warn |
| 1551 | c -= 1; |
| 1552 | return c; |
| 1553 | } |
| 1554 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 1555 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 1556 | |
| 1557 | |
| 1558 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 1559 | different.LogicalOpUselessArg</span><span class="lang"> |
| 1560 | (C)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 1561 | The second operand of a <code>&&</code> operator has no impact on |
| 1562 | expression result.</div></div></td> |
| 1563 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 1564 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1565 | void test(unsigned a) { |
| 1566 | if (a<7 && a<10) {}; // warn |
| 1567 | } |
| 1568 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 1569 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 1570 | |
| 1571 | |
| 1572 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 1573 | different.SameResLogicalExpr</span><span class="lang"> |
| 1574 | (C)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 1575 | An expression is always evaluated to true/false.</div></div></td> |
| 1576 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 1577 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1578 | void test() { |
| 1579 | int i = 0; |
| 1580 | if (i != 0) {}; // warn |
| 1581 | } |
| 1582 | </pre></div> |
| 1583 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1584 | void test(int i) { |
| 1585 | if (i == 0 && i == 1) {}; // warn |
| 1586 | } |
| 1587 | </pre></div> |
| 1588 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1589 | void test(int i) { |
| 1590 | if (i < 0 || i >= 0) {}; // warn |
| 1591 | } |
| 1592 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 1593 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 1594 | |
| 1595 | |
| 1596 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 1597 | different.OpPrecedenceAssignCmp</span><span class="lang"> |
| 1598 | (C, C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 1599 | Comparison operation has higher precedence then assignment. Boolean value is |
| 1600 | assigned to a variable of other type. Parenthesis may bee required around an |
| 1601 | assignment.</div></div></td> |
| 1602 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 1603 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1604 | int f(); |
| 1605 | |
| 1606 | void test(int x, int y) { |
| 1607 | bool b; |
| 1608 | if((b = x != y)) {} // ok |
| 1609 | if((x = f() != y)) {} // warn |
| 1610 | } |
| 1611 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 1612 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 1613 | |
| 1614 | |
| 1615 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 1616 | different.OpPrecedenceIifShift</span><span class="lang"> |
| 1617 | (C, C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 1618 | <code>?:</code> has lower precedence then <code><<</code>. |
| 1619 | <p>Source: Stephen C. Dewhurst "C++ Gotchas: Avoiding Common Problems in Coding |
| 1620 | and Design", advise 15.</p></div></div></td> |
| 1621 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 1622 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1623 | #include <iostream> |
| 1624 | |
| 1625 | void test(int a) { |
| 1626 | std::cout << a ? "a" : "b"; // warn |
| 1627 | } |
| 1628 | </pre></div> |
| 1629 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1630 | void test(int a) { |
| 1631 | a << a > 7 ? 1 : 2; // warn |
| 1632 | } |
| 1633 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 1634 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 1635 | |
| 1636 | |
| 1637 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 1638 | different.ObjectUnused</span><span class="lang"> |
| 1639 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 1640 | The object was created but is not being used.</div></div></td> |
| 1641 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 1642 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1643 | struct S { |
| 1644 | int x, y; |
| 1645 | S(int xx, int yy) : x(xx), y(yy) {} |
| 1646 | S(int xx) { |
| 1647 | S(xx, 0); // warn |
| 1648 | } |
| 1649 | }; |
| 1650 | </pre></div> |
| 1651 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1652 | #include <exception> |
| 1653 | |
| 1654 | void test() { |
| 1655 | std::exception(); |
| 1656 | // warn (did you mean 'throw std::exception()'?) |
| 1657 | } |
| 1658 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 1659 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 1660 | |
| 1661 | |
| 1662 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 1663 | different.StaticArrayPtrCompare</span><span class="lang"> |
| 1664 | (C)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 1665 | Pointer to static array is being compared to NULL. May the subscripting is |
| 1666 | missing.</div></div></td> |
| 1667 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 1668 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1669 | void test() { |
| 1670 | int a[1][1]; |
| 1671 | if (a[0] == 0) {}; // warn |
| 1672 | } |
| 1673 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 1674 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 1675 | |
| 1676 | |
| 1677 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 1678 | different.ConversionToBool</span><span class="lang"> |
| 1679 | (C, C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 1680 | Odd implicit conversion to boolean. |
| 1681 | <br>Note: possibly merge with <span class="name"> |
| 1682 | alpha.core.BoolAssignment</span>.</div></div></td> |
| 1683 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 1684 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1685 | bool test() { |
| 1686 | return 1.; // warn |
| 1687 | } |
| 1688 | </pre></div> |
| 1689 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1690 | bool test() { |
| 1691 | return ""; // warn |
| 1692 | } |
| 1693 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 1694 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 1695 | |
| 1696 | |
| 1697 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 1698 | different.ArrayBound</span><span class="lang"> |
| 1699 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 1700 | Out-of-bound dynamic array access. |
| 1701 | <br>Note: possibly an enhancement to <span class="name"> |
| 1702 | alpha.security.ArrayBoundV2</span>.</div></div></td> |
| 1703 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 1704 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1705 | void test() { |
| 1706 | int *p = new int[1]; |
| 1707 | int i = 1; |
| 1708 | if(p[i]) {}; // warn |
| 1709 | delete[] p; |
| 1710 | } |
| 1711 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 1712 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 1713 | |
| 1714 | |
| 1715 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 1716 | different.StrcpyInputSize</span><span class="lang"> |
| 1717 | (C)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 1718 | Buffer copy without checking the size of input. |
| 1719 | <br>Note: possibly an enhancement to <span class="name"> |
| 1720 | alpha.unix.cstring.OutOfBounds</span>.</div></div></td> |
| 1721 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 1722 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1723 | void test(char* string) { |
| 1724 | char buf[24]; |
| 1725 | strcpy(buf, string); // warn |
| 1726 | } |
| 1727 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 1728 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 1729 | |
| 1730 | |
| 1731 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 1732 | different.IntegerOverflow</span><span class="lang"> |
| 1733 | (C)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 1734 | Integer overflow. |
| 1735 | <br>Note: partially handled by Clang core |
| 1736 | (search for 'overflow in expression' warning in Clang tests). |
| 1737 | <p>Source: <a href="http://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/190.html"> |
| 1738 | CWE-190</a>.</p></div></div></td> |
| 1739 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 1740 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1741 | #include <limits.h> |
| 1742 | |
| 1743 | int f(int x); |
| 1744 | |
| 1745 | void test() { |
| 1746 | f(INT_MAX + 1); // warn |
| 1747 | } |
| 1748 | </pre></div> |
| 1749 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1750 | #include <limits.h> |
| 1751 | |
| 1752 | int test() { |
| 1753 | int x = INT_MAX / 2 + 1; |
| 1754 | return x * 2; // warn |
| 1755 | } |
| 1756 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 1757 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 1758 | |
| 1759 | |
| 1760 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 1761 | different.SignExtension</span><span class="lang"> |
| 1762 | (C)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 1763 | Unexpected sign extension might take place. |
| 1764 | <p>Source: <a href="http://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/194.html"> |
| 1765 | CWE-194</a>.</p></div></div></td> |
| 1766 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 1767 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1768 | unsigned long long test(long long sll) { |
| 1769 | unsigned long long ull = sll; // warn |
| 1770 | return ull; |
| 1771 | } |
| 1772 | </pre></div> |
| 1773 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1774 | void f(unsigned int i); |
| 1775 | |
| 1776 | void test(int si) { |
| 1777 | f(si); // warn |
| 1778 | } |
| 1779 | </pre></div> |
| 1780 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1781 | unsigned int test(int i) { |
| 1782 | return i; |
| 1783 | } |
| 1784 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 1785 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 1786 | |
| 1787 | |
| 1788 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 1789 | different.NumericTruncation</span><span class="lang"> |
| 1790 | (C)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 1791 | Numeric truncation might take place. |
| 1792 | <p>Source: <a href="http://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/197.html"> |
| 1793 | CWE-197</a>.</p></div></div></td> |
| 1794 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 1795 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1796 | unsigned long test(unsigned long long ull) { |
| 1797 | unsigned long ul = ull; // warn |
| 1798 | return ul; |
| 1799 | } |
| 1800 | </pre></div> |
| 1801 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1802 | void f(int i); |
| 1803 | |
| 1804 | void test(long long sll) { |
| 1805 | f(sll); // warn |
| 1806 | } |
| 1807 | </pre></div> |
| 1808 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1809 | int f(); |
| 1810 | |
| 1811 | short test(long long sll) { |
| 1812 | short ss = f(); |
| 1813 | return ss; |
| 1814 | } |
| 1815 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 1816 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 1817 | |
| 1818 | |
| 1819 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 1820 | different.MissingCopyCtorAssignOp</span><span class="lang"> |
| 1821 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 1822 | A class has dynamically allocated data members but do not define a copy |
| 1823 | constructor/assignment operator. |
| 1824 | <p>Source: Scott Meyers "Effective C++", item 11: Prevent exceptions from |
| 1825 | leaving destructors.</p></div></div></td> |
| 1826 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 1827 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1828 | class C { |
| 1829 | int *p; // warn |
| 1830 | public: |
| 1831 | C() { p = new int; } |
| 1832 | ~C() { delete p; } |
| 1833 | }; |
| 1834 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 1835 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 1836 | |
| 1837 | </table> |
| 1838 | |
| 1839 | <!-- ============================ WinAPI =================================== --> |
| 1840 | <h3>WinAPI</h3> |
| 1841 | <table class="checkers"> |
| 1842 | <col class="namedescr"><col class="example"><col class="progress"> |
| 1843 | <thead><tr><td>Name, Description</td><td>Example</td><td>Progress</td></tr></thead> |
| 1844 | |
| 1845 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 1846 | WinAPI.CreateProcess</span><span class="lang"> |
| 1847 | (C)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 1848 | <code>CreateProcess()</code>: if the first parameter <code><i> |
| 1849 | lpApplicationName</i></code> is NULL then the executable name must be in the |
| 1850 | white space-delimited string pointed to by <code><i>lpCommandLine</code></i>. |
| 1851 | If the executable or path name has a space in it, there is a risk that a |
| 1852 | different executable could be run because of the way the function parses |
| 1853 | spaces. |
| 1854 | <p>Source: <a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms682425%28v=vs.85%29.aspx"> |
| 1855 | MSDN: CreateProcess function, Security Remarks</a>.</p></div></div></td> |
| 1856 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 1857 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1858 | #include <windows.h> |
| 1859 | |
| 1860 | void test() { |
| 1861 | STARTUPINFO si; |
| 1862 | PROCESS_INFORMATION pi; |
| 1863 | CreateProcess(NULL, TEXT("C:\\Program Files\\App -L -S"), |
| 1864 | NULL, NULL, TRUE, 0, NULL, NULL, &si, &pi); |
| 1865 | // warn |
| 1866 | } |
| 1867 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 1868 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 1869 | |
| 1870 | |
| 1871 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 1872 | WinAPI.LoadLibrary</span><span class="lang"> |
| 1873 | (C)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 1874 | The <code>SearchPath()</code> function is used to retrieve a path to a DLL for |
| 1875 | a subsequent <code>LoadLibrary()</code> call. |
| 1876 | <p>Source: <a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms684175%28v=vs.85%29.aspx"> |
| 1877 | MSDN: LoadLibrary function, Security Remarks</a>.</p></div></div></td> |
| 1878 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 1879 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1880 | #include <windows.h> |
| 1881 | |
| 1882 | HINSTANCE test() { |
| 1883 | char filePath[100]; |
| 1884 | SearchPath(NULL, "file.dll", NULL, 100, filePath, NULL); |
| 1885 | return LoadLibrary(filePath); // warn |
| 1886 | } |
| 1887 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 1888 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 1889 | |
| 1890 | |
| 1891 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 1892 | WinAPI.WideCharToMultiByte</span><span class="lang"> |
| 1893 | (C)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 1894 | Buffer overrun while calling <code>WideCharToMultiByte()</code>. The size of |
| 1895 | the input buffer equals the number of characters in the Unicode string, while |
| 1896 | the size of the output buffer equals the number of bytes. |
| 1897 | <p>Source: <a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dd374130%28v=vs.85%29.aspx"> |
| 1898 | MSDN: WideCharToMultiByte function</a>.</p></div></div></td> |
| 1899 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 1900 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1901 | #include <windows.h> |
| 1902 | |
| 1903 | void test() { |
| 1904 | wchar_t ws[] = L"abc"; |
| 1905 | char s[3]; |
| 1906 | WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, ws, -1, s, |
| 1907 | 3, NULL, NULL); // warn |
| 1908 | } |
| 1909 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 1910 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 1911 | |
| 1912 | |
| 1913 | </table> |
| 1914 | |
| 1915 | <!-- =========================== optimization ============================== --> |
| 1916 | <h3>optimization</h3> |
| 1917 | <table class="checkers"> |
| 1918 | <col class="namedescr"><col class="example"><col class="progress"> |
| 1919 | <thead><tr><td>Name, Description</td><td>Example</td><td>Progress</td></tr></thead> |
| 1920 | |
| 1921 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 1922 | optimization.PassConstObjByValue</span><span class="lang"> |
| 1923 | (C, C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 1924 | Optimization: It is more effective to pass constant parameter by reference to |
| 1925 | avoid unnecessary object copying.</div></div></td> |
| 1926 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 1927 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1928 | struct A {}; |
| 1929 | |
| 1930 | void f(const struct A a); // warn |
| 1931 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 1932 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 1933 | |
| 1934 | |
| 1935 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 1936 | optimization.PostfixIncIter</span><span class="lang"> |
| 1937 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 1938 | Optimization: It is more effective to use prefix increment operator with |
| 1939 | iterator. |
| 1940 | <p>Source: Scott Meyers "More Effective C++", item 6: |
| 1941 | Distinguish between prefix and postfix forms of increment and decrement |
| 1942 | operators.</p></div></div></td> |
| 1943 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 1944 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1945 | #include <vector> |
| 1946 | |
| 1947 | void test() { |
| 1948 | std::vector<int> v; |
| 1949 | std::vector<int>::const_iterator it; |
| 1950 | for(it = v.begin(); |
| 1951 | it != v.end(); it++) {}; // warn |
| 1952 | } |
| 1953 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 1954 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 1955 | |
| 1956 | |
| 1957 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 1958 | optimization.MultipleCallsStrlen</span><span class="lang"> |
| 1959 | (C)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 1960 | Optimization: multiple calls to <code>strlen()</code> for a string in an |
| 1961 | expression. It is more effective to hold a value returned |
| 1962 | from <code>strlen()</code> in a temporary variable.</div></div></td> |
| 1963 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 1964 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1965 | #include <string.h> |
| 1966 | |
| 1967 | void test(const char* s) { |
| 1968 | if (strlen(s) > 0 && |
| 1969 | strlen(s) < 7) {}; // warn |
| 1970 | } |
| 1971 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 1972 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 1973 | |
| 1974 | |
| 1975 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 1976 | optimization.StrLengthCalculation</span><span class="lang"> |
| 1977 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 1978 | Optimization: it is more efficient to use <code>string::length()</code> to |
| 1979 | calculate the length of an <code>std::string</code>.</div></div></td> |
| 1980 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 1981 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 1982 | #include <string> |
| 1983 | #include <string.h> |
| 1984 | |
| 1985 | void test() { |
| 1986 | std::string s; |
| 1987 | if (strlen(s.c_str()) != 0) {}; // warn |
| 1988 | } |
| 1989 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 1990 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 1991 | |
| 1992 | |
| 1993 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
| 1994 | optimization.EmptyContainerDetect</span><span class="lang"> |
| 1995 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
| 1996 | Optimization: It is more efficient to use containers <code>empty()</code> |
| 1997 | method to identify an empty container.</div></div></td> |
| 1998 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
| 1999 | <div class="example"><pre> |
| 2000 | #include <list> |
| 2001 | |
| 2002 | void test() { |
| 2003 | std::list<int> l; |
| 2004 | if (l.size() != 0) {}; // warn |
| 2005 | } |
| 2006 | </pre></div></div></td> |
| 2007 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
| 2008 | |
| 2009 | |
| 2010 | </table> |
| 2011 | |
| 2012 | <br> |
| 2013 | </div> <!-- page --> |
| 2014 | </div> <!-- content --> |
| 2015 | </body> |
| 2016 | </html> |
| 2017 | |