basic_string.h source code [include/c++/7/bits/basic

1	// Components for manipulating sequences of characters -- C++ --
2
3	// Copyright (C) 1997-2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4	//
5	// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library. This library is free
6	// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
7	// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
8	// Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
9	// any later version.
10
11	// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
12	// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
13	// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
14	// GNU General Public License for more details.
15
16	// Under Section 7 of GPL version 3, you are granted additional
17	// permissions described in the GCC Runtime Library Exception, version
18	// 3.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
19
20	// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License and
21	// a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program;
22	// see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively. If not, see
23	// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
24
25	/** @file bits/basic_string.h
26	* This is an internal header file, included by other library headers.
27	* Do not attempt to use it directly. @headername{string}
28	*/
29
30	//
31	// ISO C++ 14882: 21 Strings library
32	//
33
34	#ifndef _BASIC_STRING_H
35	#define _BASIC_STRING_H 1
36
37	#pragma GCC system_header
38
39	#include <ext/atomicity.h>
40	#include <ext/alloc_traits.h>
41	#include <debug/debug.h>
42
43	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
44	#include <initializer_list>
45	#endif
46
47	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
48	# include <string_view>
49	#endif
50
51
52	namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
53	{
54	_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
55
56	#if _GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI
57	_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_CXX11
58	/**
59	* @class basic_string basic_string.h <string>
60	* @brief Managing sequences of characters and character-like objects.
61	*
62	* @ingroup strings
63	* @ingroup sequences
64	*
65	* @tparam _CharT Type of character
66	* @tparam _Traits Traits for character type, defaults to
67	* char_traits<_CharT>.
68	* @tparam _Alloc Allocator type, defaults to allocator<_CharT>.
69	*
70	* Meets the requirements of a <a href="tables.html#65">container</a>, a
71	* <a href="tables.html#66">reversible container</a>, and a
72	* <a href="tables.html#67">sequence</a>. Of the
73	* <a href="tables.html#68">optional sequence requirements</a>, only
74	* @c push_back, @c at, and @c %array access are supported.
75	*/
76	template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
77	class basic_string
78	{
79	typedef typename __gnu_cxx::__alloc_traits<_Alloc>::template
80	rebind<_CharT>::other _Char_alloc_type;
81	typedef __gnu_cxx::__alloc_traits<_Char_alloc_type> _Alloc_traits;
82
83	// Types:
84	public:
85	typedef _Traits traits_type;
86	typedef typename _Traits::char_type value_type;
87	typedef _Char_alloc_type allocator_type;
88	typedef typename _Alloc_traits::size_type size_type;
89	typedef typename _Alloc_traits::difference_type difference_type;
90	typedef typename _Alloc_traits::reference reference;
91	typedef typename _Alloc_traits::const_reference const_reference;
92	typedef typename _Alloc_traits::pointer pointer;
93	typedef typename _Alloc_traits::const_pointer const_pointer;
94	typedef __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<pointer, basic_string> iterator;
95	typedef __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<const_pointer, basic_string>
96	const_iterator;
97	typedef std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator> const_reverse_iterator;
98	typedef std::reverse_iterator<iterator> reverse_iterator;
99
100	/// Value returned by various member functions when they fail.
101	static const size_type npos = static_cast<size_type>(-1);
102
103	private:
104	// type used for positions in insert, erase etc.
105	#if __cplusplus < 201103L
106	typedef iterator __const_iterator;
107	#else
108	typedef const_iterator __const_iterator;
109	#endif
110
111	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
112	// A helper type for avoiding boiler-plate.
113	typedef basic_string_view<_CharT, _Traits> __sv_type;
114
115	template<typename _Tp, typename _Res>
116	using _If_sv = enable_if_t<
117	__and_<is_convertible<const _Tp&, __sv_type>,
118	__not_<is_convertible<const _Tp, const basic_string>>,
119	__not_<is_convertible<const _Tp&, const _CharT*>>>::value,
120	_Res>;
121
122	// Allows an implicit conversion to __sv_type.
123	static __sv_type
124	_S_to_string_view(__sv_type __svt) noexcept
125	{ return __svt; }
126
127	// Wraps a string_view by explicit conversion and thus
128	// allows to add an internal constructor that does not
129	// participate in overload resolution when a string_view
130	// is provided.
131	struct __sv_wrapper
132	{
133	explicit __sv_wrapper(__sv_type __sv) noexcept : _M_sv(__sv) { }
134	__sv_type _M_sv;
135	};
136	#endif
137
138	// Use empty-base optimization: http://www.cantrip.org/emptyopt.html
139	struct _Alloc_hider : allocator_type // TODO check __is_final
140	{
141	#if __cplusplus < 201103L
142	_Alloc_hider(pointer __dat, const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc())
143	: allocator_type(__a), _M_p(__dat) { }
144	#else
145	_Alloc_hider(pointer __dat, const _Alloc& __a)
146	: allocator_type(__a), _M_p(__dat) { }
147
148	_Alloc_hider(pointer __dat, _Alloc&& __a = _Alloc())
149	: allocator_type(std::move(__a)), _M_p(__dat) { }
150	#endif
151
152	pointer _M_p; // The actual data.
153	};
154
155	_Alloc_hider _M_dataplus;
156	size_type _M_string_length;
157
158	enum { _S_local_capacity = 15 / sizeof(_CharT) };
159
160	union
161	{
162	_CharT _M_local_buf[_S_local_capacity + 1];
163	size_type _M_allocated_capacity;
164	};
165
166	void
167	_M_data(pointer __p)
168	{ _M_dataplus._M_p = __p; }
169
170	void
171	_M_length(size_type __length)
172	{ _M_string_length = __length; }
173
174	pointer
175	_M_data() const
176	{ return _M_dataplus._M_p; }
177
178	pointer
179	_M_local_data()
180	{
181	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
182	return std::pointer_traits<pointer>::pointer_to(*_M_local_buf);
183	#else
184	return pointer(_M_local_buf);
185	#endif
186	}
187
188	const_pointer
189	_M_local_data() const
190	{
191	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
192	return std::pointer_traits<const_pointer>::pointer_to(*_M_local_buf);
193	#else
194	return const_pointer(_M_local_buf);
195	#endif
196	}
197
198	void
199	_M_capacity(size_type __capacity)
200	{ _M_allocated_capacity = __capacity; }
201
202	void
203	_M_set_length(size_type __n)
204	{
205	_M_length(__n);
206	traits_type::assign(_M_data()[__n], _CharT());
207	}
208
209	bool
210	_M_is_local() const
211	{ return _M_data() == _M_local_data(); }
212
213	// Create & Destroy
214	pointer
215	_M_create(size_type&, size_type);
216
217	void
218	_M_dispose()
219	{
220	if (!_M_is_local())
221	_M_destroy(_M_allocated_capacity);
222	}
223
224	void
225	_M_destroy(size_type __size) throw()
226	{ _Alloc_traits::deallocate(_M_get_allocator(), _M_data(), __size + 1); }
227
228	// _M_construct_aux is used to implement the 21.3.1 para 15 which
229	// requires special behaviour if _InIterator is an integral type
230	template<typename _InIterator>
231	void
232	_M_construct_aux(_InIterator __beg, _InIterator __end,
233	std::__false_type)
234	{
235	typedef typename iterator_traits<_InIterator>::iterator_category _Tag;
236	_M_construct(__beg, __end, _Tag());
237	}
238
239	// _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
240	// 438. Ambiguity in the "do the right thing" clause
241	template<typename _Integer>
242	void
243	_M_construct_aux(_Integer __beg, _Integer __end, std::__true_type)
244	{ _M_construct_aux_2(static_cast<size_type>(__beg), __end); }
245
246	void
247	_M_construct_aux_2(size_type __req, _CharT __c)
248	{ _M_construct(__req, __c); }
249
250	template<typename _InIterator>
251	void
252	_M_construct(_InIterator __beg, _InIterator __end)
253	{
254	typedef typename std::__is_integer<_InIterator>::__type _Integral;
255	_M_construct_aux(__beg, __end, _Integral());
256	}
257
258	// For Input Iterators, used in istreambuf_iterators, etc.
259	template<typename _InIterator>
260	void
261	_M_construct(_InIterator __beg, _InIterator __end,
262	std::input_iterator_tag);
263
264	// For forward_iterators up to random_access_iterators, used for
265	// string::iterator, _CharT*, etc.
266	template<typename _FwdIterator>
267	void
268	_M_construct(_FwdIterator __beg, _FwdIterator __end,
269	std::forward_iterator_tag);
270
271	void
272	_M_construct(size_type __req, _CharT __c);
273
274	allocator_type&
275	_M_get_allocator()
276	{ return _M_dataplus; }
277
278	const allocator_type&
279	_M_get_allocator() const
280	{ return _M_dataplus; }
281
282	private:
283
284	#ifdef _GLIBCXX_DISAMBIGUATE_REPLACE_INST
285	// The explicit instantiations in misc-inst.cc require this due to
286	// https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64063
287	template<typename _Tp, bool _Requires =
288	!__are_same<_Tp, _CharT*>::__value
289	&& !__are_same<_Tp, const _CharT*>::__value
290	&& !__are_same<_Tp, iterator>::__value
291	&& !__are_same<_Tp, const_iterator>::__value>
292	struct __enable_if_not_native_iterator
293	{ typedef basic_string& __type; };
294	template<typename _Tp>
295	struct __enable_if_not_native_iterator<_Tp, false> { };
296	#endif
297
298	size_type
299	_M_check(size_type __pos, const char* __s) const
300	{
301	if (__pos > this->size())
302	__throw_out_of_range_fmt( " "this->size() (which is %zu)")" file_link="../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/7/bits/c++config.h.html#595" macro="true">__N("%s: __pos (which is %zu) > "
303	" "this->size() (which is %zu)")" file_link="../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/7/bits/c++config.h.html#595" macro="true"> "this->size() (which is %zu)"),
304	__s, __pos, this->size());
305	return __pos;
306	}
307
308	void
309	_M_check_length(size_type __n1, size_type __n2, const char* __s) const
310	{
311	if (this->max_size() - (this->size() - __n1) < __n2)
312	__throw_length_error(__N(__s));
313	}
314
315
316	// NB: _M_limit doesn't check for a bad __pos value.
317	size_type
318	_M_limit(size_type __pos, size_type __off) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
319	{
320	const bool __testoff = __off < this->size() - __pos;
321	return __testoff ? __off : this->size() - __pos;
322	}
323
324	// True if _Rep and source do not overlap.
325	bool
326	_M_disjunct(const _CharT* __s) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
327	{
328	return (less<const _CharT*>()(__s, _M_data())
329	\|\| less<const _CharT*>()(_M_data() + this->size(), __s));
330	}
331
332	// When __n = 1 way faster than the general multichar
333	// traits_type::copy/move/assign.
334	static void
335	_S_copy(_CharT* __d, const _CharT* __s, size_type __n)
336	{
337	if (__n == 1)
338	traits_type::assign(__d, __s);
339	else
340	traits_type::copy(__d, __s, __n);
341	}
342
343	static void
344	_S_move(_CharT* __d, const _CharT* __s, size_type __n)
345	{
346	if (__n == 1)
347	traits_type::assign(__d, __s);
348	else
349	traits_type::move(__d, __s, __n);
350	}
351
352	static void
353	_S_assign(_CharT* __d, size_type __n, _CharT __c)
354	{
355	if (__n == 1)
356	traits_type::assign(*__d, __c);
357	else
358	traits_type::assign(__d, __n, __c);
359	}
360
361	// _S_copy_chars is a separate template to permit specialization
362	// to optimize for the common case of pointers as iterators.
363	template<class _Iterator>
364	static void
365	_S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, _Iterator __k1, _Iterator __k2)
366	{
367	for (; __k1 != __k2; ++__k1, (void)++__p)
368	traits_type::assign(__p, __k1); // These types are off.
369	}
370
371	static void
372	_S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, iterator __k1, iterator __k2) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
373	{ _S_copy_chars(__p, __k1.base(), __k2.base()); }
374
375	static void
376	_S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, const_iterator __k1, const_iterator __k2)
377	_GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
378	{ _S_copy_chars(__p, __k1.base(), __k2.base()); }
379
380	static void
381	_S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, _CharT* __k1, _CharT* __k2) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
382	{ _S_copy(__p, __k1, __k2 - __k1); }
383
384	static void
385	_S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, const _CharT* __k1, const _CharT* __k2)
386	_GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
387	{ _S_copy(__p, __k1, __k2 - __k1); }
388
389	static int
390	_S_compare(size_type __n1, size_type __n2) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
391	{
392	const difference_type __d = difference_type(__n1 - __n2);
393
394	if (__d > __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<int>::__max)
395	return __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<int>::__max;
396	else if (__d < __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<int>::__min)
397	return __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<int>::__min;
398	else
399	return int(__d);
400	}
401
402	void
403	_M_assign(const basic_string&);
404
405	void
406	_M_mutate(size_type __pos, size_type __len1, const _CharT* __s,
407	size_type __len2);
408
409	void
410	_M_erase(size_type __pos, size_type __n);
411
412	public:
413	// Construct/copy/destroy:
414	// NB: We overload ctors in some cases instead of using default
415	// arguments, per 17.4.4.4 para. 2 item 2.
416
417	/**
418	* @brief Default constructor creates an empty string.
419	*/
420	basic_string()
421	_GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT_IF(is_nothrow_default_constructible<_Alloc>::value)
422	: _M_dataplus(_M_local_data())
423	{ _M_set_length(0); }
424
425	/**
426	* @brief Construct an empty string using allocator @a a.
427	*/
428	explicit
429	basic_string(const _Alloc& __a) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
430	: _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __a)
431	{ _M_set_length(0); }
432
433	/**
434	* @brief Construct string with copy of value of @a __str.
435	* @param __str Source string.
436	*/
437	basic_string(const basic_string& __str)
438	: _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(),
439	_Alloc_traits::_S_select_on_copy(__str._M_get_allocator()))
440	{ _M_construct(__str._M_data(), __str._M_data() + __str.length()); }
441
442	// _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
443	// 2583. no way to supply an allocator for basic_string(str, pos)
444	/**
445	* @brief Construct string as copy of a substring.
446	* @param __str Source string.
447	* @param __pos Index of first character to copy from.
448	* @param __a Allocator to use.
449	*/
450	basic_string(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos,
451	const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc())
452	: _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __a)
453	{
454	const _CharT* __start = __str._M_data()
455	+ __str._M_check(__pos, "basic_string::basic_string");
456	_M_construct(__start, __start + __str._M_limit(__pos, npos));
457	}
458
459	/**
460	* @brief Construct string as copy of a substring.
461	* @param __str Source string.
462	* @param __pos Index of first character to copy from.
463	* @param __n Number of characters to copy.
464	*/
465	basic_string(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos,
466	size_type __n)
467	: _M_dataplus(_M_local_data())
468	{
469	const _CharT* __start = __str._M_data()
470	+ __str._M_check(__pos, "basic_string::basic_string");
471	_M_construct(__start, __start + __str._M_limit(__pos, __n));
472	}
473
474	/**
475	* @brief Construct string as copy of a substring.
476	* @param __str Source string.
477	* @param __pos Index of first character to copy from.
478	* @param __n Number of characters to copy.
479	* @param __a Allocator to use.
480	*/
481	basic_string(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos,
482	size_type __n, const _Alloc& __a)
483	: _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __a)
484	{
485	const _CharT* __start
486	= __str._M_data() + __str._M_check(__pos, "string::string");
487	_M_construct(__start, __start + __str._M_limit(__pos, __n));
488	}
489
490	/**
491	* @brief Construct string initialized by a character %array.
492	* @param __s Source character %array.
493	* @param __n Number of characters to copy.
494	* @param __a Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
495	*
496	* NB: @a __s must have at least @a __n characters, '\\0'
497	* has no special meaning.
498	*/
499	basic_string(const _CharT* __s, size_type __n,
500	const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc())
501	: _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __a)
502	{ _M_construct(__s, __s + __n); }
503
504	/**
505	* @brief Construct string as copy of a C string.
506	* @param __s Source C string.
507	* @param __a Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
508	*/
509	basic_string(const _CharT* __s, const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc())
510	: _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __a)
511	{ _M_construct(__s, __s ? __s + traits_type::length(__s) : __s+npos); }
512
513	/**
514	* @brief Construct string as multiple characters.
515	* @param __n Number of characters.
516	* @param __c Character to use.
517	* @param __a Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
518	*/
519	basic_string(size_type __n, _CharT __c, const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc())
520	: _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __a)
521	{ _M_construct(__n, __c); }
522
523	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
524	/**
525	* @brief Move construct string.
526	* @param __str Source string.
527	*
528	* The newly-created string contains the exact contents of @a __str.
529	* @a __str is a valid, but unspecified string.
530	**/
531	basic_string(basic_string&& __str) noexcept
532	: _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), std::move(__str._M_get_allocator()))
533	{
534	if (__str._M_is_local())
535	{
536	traits_type::copy(_M_local_buf, __str._M_local_buf,
537	_S_local_capacity + 1);
538	}
539	else
540	{
541	_M_data(__str._M_data());
542	_M_capacity(__str._M_allocated_capacity);
543	}
544
545	// Must use _M_length() here not _M_set_length() because
546	// basic_stringbuf relies on writing into unallocated capacity so
547	// we mess up the contents if we put a '\0' in the string.
548	_M_length(__str.length());
549	__str._M_data(__str._M_local_data());
550	__str._M_set_length(0);
551	}
552
553	/**
554	* @brief Construct string from an initializer %list.
555	* @param __l std::initializer_list of characters.
556	* @param __a Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
557	*/
558	basic_string(initializer_list<_CharT> __l, const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc())
559	: _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __a)
560	{ _M_construct(__l.begin(), __l.end()); }
561
562	basic_string(const basic_string& __str, const _Alloc& __a)
563	: _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __a)
564	{ _M_construct(__str.begin(), __str.end()); }
565
566	basic_string(basic_string&& __str, const _Alloc& __a)
567	noexcept(_Alloc_traits::_S_always_equal())
568	: _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __a)
569	{
570	if (__str._M_is_local())
571	{
572	traits_type::copy(_M_local_buf, __str._M_local_buf,
573	_S_local_capacity + 1);
574	_M_length(__str.length());
575	__str._M_set_length(0);
576	}
577	else if (_Alloc_traits::_S_always_equal()
578	\|\| __str.get_allocator() == __a)
579	{
580	_M_data(__str._M_data());
581	_M_length(__str.length());
582	_M_capacity(__str._M_allocated_capacity);
583	__str._M_data(__str._M_local_buf);
584	__str._M_set_length(0);
585	}
586	else
587	_M_construct(__str.begin(), __str.end());
588	}
589
590	#endif // C++11
591
592	/**
593	* @brief Construct string as copy of a range.
594	* @param __beg Start of range.
595	* @param __end End of range.
596	* @param __a Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
597	*/
598	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
599	template<typename _InputIterator,
600	typename = std::_RequireInputIter<_InputIterator>>
601	#else
602	template<typename _InputIterator>
603	#endif
604	basic_string(_InputIterator __beg, _InputIterator __end,
605	const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc())
606	: _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __a)
607	{ _M_construct(__beg, __end); }
608
609	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
610	/**
611	* @brief Construct string from a substring of a string_view.
612	* @param __t Source object convertible to string view.
613	* @param __pos The index of the first character to copy from __t.
614	* @param __n The number of characters to copy from __t.
615	* @param __a Allocator to use.
616	*/
617	template<typename _Tp, typename = _If_sv<_Tp, void>>
618	basic_string(const _Tp& __t, size_type __pos, size_type __n,
619	const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc())
620	: basic_string(_S_to_string_view(__t).substr(__pos, __n), __a) { }
621
622	/**
623	* @brief Construct string from a string_view.
624	* @param __t Source object convertible to string view.
625	* @param __a Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
626	*/
627	template<typename _Tp, typename = _If_sv<_Tp, void>>
628	explicit
629	basic_string(const _Tp& __t, const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc())
630	: basic_string(__sv_wrapper(_S_to_string_view(__t)), __a) { }
631
632	/**
633	* @brief Only internally used: Construct string from a string view
634	* wrapper.
635	* @param __svw string view wrapper.
636	* @param __a Allocator to use.
637	*/
638	explicit
639	basic_string(__sv_wrapper __svw, const _Alloc& __a)
640	: basic_string(__svw._M_sv.data(), __svw._M_sv.size(), __a) { }
641	#endif // C++17
642
643	/**
644	* @brief Destroy the string instance.
645	*/
646	~basic_string()
647	{ _M_dispose(); }
648
649	/**
650	* @brief Assign the value of @a str to this string.
651	* @param __str Source string.
652	*/
653	basic_string&
654	operator=(const basic_string& __str)
655	{
656	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
657	if (_Alloc_traits::_S_propagate_on_copy_assign())
658	{
659	if (!_Alloc_traits::_S_always_equal() && !_M_is_local()
660	&& _M_get_allocator() != __str._M_get_allocator())
661	{
662	// Propagating allocator cannot free existing storage so must
663	// deallocate it before replacing current allocator.
664	if (__str.size() <= _S_local_capacity)
665	{
666	_M_destroy(_M_allocated_capacity);
667	_M_data(_M_local_data());
668	_M_set_length(0);
669	}
670	else
671	{
672	const auto __len = __str.size();
673	auto __alloc = __str._M_get_allocator();
674	// If this allocation throws there are no effects:
675	auto __ptr = _Alloc_traits::allocate(__alloc, __len + 1);
676	_M_destroy(_M_allocated_capacity);
677	_M_data(__ptr);
678	_M_capacity(__len);
679	_M_set_length(__len);
680	}
681	}
682	std::__alloc_on_copy(_M_get_allocator(), __str._M_get_allocator());
683	}
684	#endif
685	return this->assign(__str);
686	}
687
688	/**
689	* @brief Copy contents of @a s into this string.
690	* @param __s Source null-terminated string.
691	*/
692	basic_string&
693	operator=(const _CharT* __s)
694	{ return this->assign(__s); }
695
696	/**
697	* @brief Set value to string of length 1.
698	* @param __c Source character.
699	*
700	* Assigning to a character makes this string length 1 and
701	* (*this)[0] == @a c.
702	*/
703	basic_string&
704	operator=(_CharT __c)
705	{
706	this->assign(1, __c);
707	return *this;
708	}
709
710	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
711	/**
712	* @brief Move assign the value of @a str to this string.
713	* @param __str Source string.
714	*
715	* The contents of @a str are moved into this string (without copying).
716	* @a str is a valid, but unspecified string.
717	**/
718	// PR 58265, this should be noexcept.
719	// _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
720	// 2063. Contradictory requirements for string move assignment
721	basic_string&
722	operator=(basic_string&& __str)
723	noexcept(_Alloc_traits::_S_nothrow_move())
724	{
725	if (!_M_is_local() && _Alloc_traits::_S_propagate_on_move_assign()
726	&& !_Alloc_traits::_S_always_equal()
727	&& _M_get_allocator() != __str._M_get_allocator())
728	{
729	// Destroy existing storage before replacing allocator.
730	_M_destroy(_M_allocated_capacity);
731	_M_data(_M_local_data());
732	_M_set_length(0);
733	}
734	// Replace allocator if POCMA is true.
735	std::__alloc_on_move(_M_get_allocator(), __str._M_get_allocator());
736
737	if (__str._M_is_local())
738	{
739	// We've always got room for a short string, just copy it.
740	if (__str.size())
741	this->_S_copy(_M_data(), __str._M_data(), __str.size());
742	_M_set_length(__str.size());
743	}
744	else if (_Alloc_traits::_S_propagate_on_move_assign()
745	\|\| _Alloc_traits::_S_always_equal()
746	\|\| _M_get_allocator() == __str._M_get_allocator())
747	{
748	// Just move the allocated pointer, our allocator can free it.
749	pointer __data = nullptr;
750	size_type __capacity;
751	if (!_M_is_local())
752	{
753	if (_Alloc_traits::_S_always_equal())
754	{
755	// __str can reuse our existing storage.
756	__data = _M_data();
757	__capacity = _M_allocated_capacity;
758	}
759	else // __str can't use it, so free it.
760	_M_destroy(_M_allocated_capacity);
761	}
762
763	_M_data(__str._M_data());
764	_M_length(__str.length());
765	_M_capacity(__str._M_allocated_capacity);
766	if (__data)
767	{
768	__str._M_data(__data);
769	__str._M_capacity(__capacity);
770	}
771	else
772	__str._M_data(__str._M_local_buf);
773	}
774	else // Need to do a deep copy
775	assign(__str);
776	__str.clear();
777	return *this;
778	}
779
780	/**
781	* @brief Set value to string constructed from initializer %list.
782	* @param __l std::initializer_list.
783	*/
784	basic_string&
785	operator=(initializer_list<_CharT> __l)
786	{
787	this->assign(__l.begin(), __l.size());
788	return *this;
789	}
790	#endif // C++11
791
792	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
793	/**
794	* @brief Set value to string constructed from a string_view.
795	* @param __svt An object convertible to string_view.
796	*/
797	template<typename _Tp>
798	_If_sv<_Tp, basic_string&>
799	operator=(const _Tp& __svt)
800	{ return this->assign(__svt); }
801
802	/**
803	* @brief Convert to a string_view.
804	* @return A string_view.
805	*/
806	operator __sv_type() const noexcept
807	{ return __sv_type(data(), size()); }
808	#endif // C++17
809
810	// Iterators:
811	/**
812	* Returns a read/write iterator that points to the first character in
813	* the %string.
814	*/
815	iterator
816	begin() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
817	{ return iterator(_M_data()); }
818
819	/**
820	* Returns a read-only (constant) iterator that points to the first
821	* character in the %string.
822	*/
823	const_iterator
824	begin() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
825	{ return const_iterator(_M_data()); }
826
827	/**
828	* Returns a read/write iterator that points one past the last
829	* character in the %string.
830	*/
831	iterator
832	end() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
833	{ return iterator(_M_data() + this->size()); }
834
835	/**
836	* Returns a read-only (constant) iterator that points one past the
837	* last character in the %string.
838	*/
839	const_iterator
840	end() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
841	{ return const_iterator(_M_data() + this->size()); }
842
843	/**
844	* Returns a read/write reverse iterator that points to the last
845	* character in the %string. Iteration is done in reverse element
846	* order.
847	*/
848	reverse_iterator
849	rbegin() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
850	{ return reverse_iterator(this->end()); }
851
852	/**
853	* Returns a read-only (constant) reverse iterator that points
854	* to the last character in the %string. Iteration is done in
855	* reverse element order.
856	*/
857	const_reverse_iterator
858	rbegin() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
859	{ return const_reverse_iterator(this->end()); }
860
861	/**
862	* Returns a read/write reverse iterator that points to one before the
863	* first character in the %string. Iteration is done in reverse
864	* element order.
865	*/
866	reverse_iterator
867	rend() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
868	{ return reverse_iterator(this->begin()); }
869
870	/**
871	* Returns a read-only (constant) reverse iterator that points
872	* to one before the first character in the %string. Iteration
873	* is done in reverse element order.
874	*/
875	const_reverse_iterator
876	rend() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
877	{ return const_reverse_iterator(this->begin()); }
878
879	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
880	/**
881	* Returns a read-only (constant) iterator that points to the first
882	* character in the %string.
883	*/
884	const_iterator
885	cbegin() const noexcept
886	{ return const_iterator(this->_M_data()); }
887
888	/**
889	* Returns a read-only (constant) iterator that points one past the
890	* last character in the %string.
891	*/
892	const_iterator
893	cend() const noexcept
894	{ return const_iterator(this->_M_data() + this->size()); }
895
896	/**
897	* Returns a read-only (constant) reverse iterator that points
898	* to the last character in the %string. Iteration is done in
899	* reverse element order.
900	*/
901	const_reverse_iterator
902	crbegin() const noexcept
903	{ return const_reverse_iterator(this->end()); }
904
905	/**
906	* Returns a read-only (constant) reverse iterator that points
907	* to one before the first character in the %string. Iteration
908	* is done in reverse element order.
909	*/
910	const_reverse_iterator
911	crend() const noexcept
912	{ return const_reverse_iterator(this->begin()); }
913	#endif
914
915	public:
916	// Capacity:
917	/// Returns the number of characters in the string, not including any
918	/// null-termination.
919	size_type
920	size() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
921	{ return _M_string_length; }
922
923	/// Returns the number of characters in the string, not including any
924	/// null-termination.
925	size_type
926	length() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
927	{ return _M_string_length; }
928
929	/// Returns the size() of the largest possible %string.
930	size_type
931	max_size() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
932	{ return (_Alloc_traits::max_size(_M_get_allocator()) - 1) / 2; }
933
934	/**
935	* @brief Resizes the %string to the specified number of characters.
936	* @param __n Number of characters the %string should contain.
937	* @param __c Character to fill any new elements.
938	*
939	* This function will %resize the %string to the specified
940	* number of characters. If the number is smaller than the
941	* %string's current size the %string is truncated, otherwise
942	* the %string is extended and new elements are %set to @a __c.
943	*/
944	void
945	resize(size_type __n, _CharT __c);
946
947	/**
948	* @brief Resizes the %string to the specified number of characters.
949	* @param __n Number of characters the %string should contain.
950	*
951	* This function will resize the %string to the specified length. If
952	* the new size is smaller than the %string's current size the %string
953	* is truncated, otherwise the %string is extended and new characters
954	* are default-constructed. For basic types such as char, this means
955	* setting them to 0.
956	*/
957	void
958	resize(size_type __n)
959	{ this->resize(__n, _CharT()); }
960
961	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
962	/// A non-binding request to reduce capacity() to size().
963	void
964	shrink_to_fit() noexcept
965	{
966	#if __cpp_exceptions
967	if (capacity() > size())
968	{
969	try
970	{ reserve(0); }
971	catch(...)
972	{ }
973	}
974	#endif
975	}
976	#endif
977
978	/**
979	* Returns the total number of characters that the %string can hold
980	* before needing to allocate more memory.
981	*/
982	size_type
983	capacity() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
984	{
985	return _M_is_local() ? size_type(_S_local_capacity)
986	: _M_allocated_capacity;
987	}
988
989	/**
990	* @brief Attempt to preallocate enough memory for specified number of
991	* characters.
992	* @param __res_arg Number of characters required.
993	* @throw std::length_error If @a __res_arg exceeds @c max_size().
994	*
995	* This function attempts to reserve enough memory for the
996	* %string to hold the specified number of characters. If the
997	* number requested is more than max_size(), length_error is
998	* thrown.
999	*
1000	* The advantage of this function is that if optimal code is a
1001	* necessity and the user can determine the string length that will be
1002	* required, the user can reserve the memory in %advance, and thus
1003	* prevent a possible reallocation of memory and copying of %string
1004	* data.
1005	*/
1006	void
1007	reserve(size_type __res_arg = 0);
1008
1009	/**
1010	* Erases the string, making it empty.
1011	*/
1012	void
1013	clear() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
1014	{ _M_set_length(0); }
1015
1016	/**
1017	* Returns true if the %string is empty. Equivalent to
1018	* <code>*this == ""</code>.
1019	*/
1020	bool
1021	empty() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
1022	{ return this->size() == 0; }
1023
1024	// Element access:
1025	/**
1026	* @brief Subscript access to the data contained in the %string.
1027	* @param __pos The index of the character to access.
1028	* @return Read-only (constant) reference to the character.
1029	*
1030	* This operator allows for easy, array-style, data access.
1031	* Note that data access with this operator is unchecked and
1032	* out_of_range lookups are not defined. (For checked lookups
1033	* see at().)
1034	*/
1035	const_reference
1036	operator[] (size_type __pos) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
1037	{
1038	__glibcxx_assert(__pos <= size());
1039	return _M_data()[__pos];
1040	}
1041
1042	/**
1043	* @brief Subscript access to the data contained in the %string.
1044	* @param __pos The index of the character to access.
1045	* @return Read/write reference to the character.
1046	*
1047	* This operator allows for easy, array-style, data access.
1048	* Note that data access with this operator is unchecked and
1049	* out_of_range lookups are not defined. (For checked lookups
1050	* see at().)
1051	*/
1052	reference
1053	operator[](size_type __pos)
1054	{
1055	// Allow pos == size() both in C++98 mode, as v3 extension,
1056	// and in C++11 mode.
1057	__glibcxx_assert(__pos <= size());
1058	// In pedantic mode be strict in C++98 mode.
1059	_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__cplusplus >= 201103L \|\| __pos < size());
1060	return _M_data()[__pos];
1061	}
1062
1063	/**
1064	* @brief Provides access to the data contained in the %string.
1065	* @param __n The index of the character to access.
1066	* @return Read-only (const) reference to the character.
1067	* @throw std::out_of_range If @a n is an invalid index.
1068	*
1069	* This function provides for safer data access. The parameter is
1070	* first checked that it is in the range of the string. The function
1071	* throws out_of_range if the check fails.
1072	*/
1073	const_reference
1074	at(size_type __n) const
1075	{
1076	if (__n >= this->size())
1077	__throw_out_of_range_fmt(= this->size() " "(which is %zu)")" file_link="../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/7/bits/c++config.h.html#595" macro="true">__N("basic_string::at: __n "
1078	= this->size() " "(which is %zu)")" file_link="../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/7/bits/c++config.h.html#595" macro="true"> "(which is %zu) >= this->size() "
1079	= this->size() " "(which is %zu)")" file_link="../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/7/bits/c++config.h.html#595" macro="true"> "(which is %zu)"),
1080	__n, this->size());
1081	return _M_data()[__n];
1082	}
1083
1084	/**
1085	* @brief Provides access to the data contained in the %string.
1086	* @param __n The index of the character to access.
1087	* @return Read/write reference to the character.
1088	* @throw std::out_of_range If @a n is an invalid index.
1089	*
1090	* This function provides for safer data access. The parameter is
1091	* first checked that it is in the range of the string. The function
1092	* throws out_of_range if the check fails.
1093	*/
1094	reference
1095	at(size_type __n)
1096	{
1097	if (__n >= size())
1098	__throw_out_of_range_fmt(= this->size() " "(which is %zu)")" file_link="../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/7/bits/c++config.h.html#595" macro="true">__N("basic_string::at: __n "
1099	= this->size() " "(which is %zu)")" file_link="../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/7/bits/c++config.h.html#595" macro="true"> "(which is %zu) >= this->size() "
1100	= this->size() " "(which is %zu)")" file_link="../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/7/bits/c++config.h.html#595" macro="true"> "(which is %zu)"),
1101	__n, this->size());
1102	return _M_data()[__n];
1103	}
1104
1105	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
1106	/**
1107	* Returns a read/write reference to the data at the first
1108	* element of the %string.
1109	*/
1110	reference
1111	front() noexcept
1112	{
1113	__glibcxx_assert(!empty());
1114	return operator[](0);
1115	}
1116
1117	/**
1118	* Returns a read-only (constant) reference to the data at the first
1119	* element of the %string.
1120	*/
1121	const_reference
1122	front() const noexcept
1123	{
1124	__glibcxx_assert(!empty());
1125	return operator[](0);
1126	}
1127
1128	/**
1129	* Returns a read/write reference to the data at the last
1130	* element of the %string.
1131	*/
1132	reference
1133	back() noexcept
1134	{
1135	__glibcxx_assert(!empty());
1136	return operator[](this->size() - 1);
1137	}
1138
1139	/**
1140	* Returns a read-only (constant) reference to the data at the
1141	* last element of the %string.
1142	*/
1143	const_reference
1144	back() const noexcept
1145	{
1146	__glibcxx_assert(!empty());
1147	return operator[](this->size() - 1);
1148	}
1149	#endif
1150
1151	// Modifiers:
1152	/**
1153	* @brief Append a string to this string.
1154	* @param __str The string to append.
1155	* @return Reference to this string.
1156	*/
1157	basic_string&
1158	operator+=(const basic_string& __str)
1159	{ return this->append(__str); }
1160
1161	/**
1162	* @brief Append a C string.
1163	* @param __s The C string to append.
1164	* @return Reference to this string.
1165	*/
1166	basic_string&
1167	operator+=(const _CharT* __s)
1168	{ return this->append(__s); }
1169
1170	/**
1171	* @brief Append a character.
1172	* @param __c The character to append.
1173	* @return Reference to this string.
1174	*/
1175	basic_string&
1176	operator+=(_CharT __c)
1177	{
1178	this->push_back(__c);
1179	return *this;
1180	}
1181
1182	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
1183	/**
1184	* @brief Append an initializer_list of characters.
1185	* @param __l The initializer_list of characters to be appended.
1186	* @return Reference to this string.
1187	*/
1188	basic_string&
1189	operator+=(initializer_list<_CharT> __l)
1190	{ return this->append(__l.begin(), __l.size()); }
1191	#endif // C++11
1192
1193	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
1194	/**
1195	* @brief Append a string_view.
1196	* @param __svt An object convertible to string_view to be appended.
1197	* @return Reference to this string.
1198	*/
1199	template<typename _Tp>
1200	_If_sv<_Tp, basic_string&>
1201	operator+=(const _Tp& __svt)
1202	{ return this->append(__svt); }
1203	#endif // C++17
1204
1205	/**
1206	* @brief Append a string to this string.
1207	* @param __str The string to append.
1208	* @return Reference to this string.
1209	*/
1210	basic_string&
1211	append(const basic_string& __str)
1212	{ return _M_append(__str._M_data(), __str.size()); }
1213
1214	/**
1215	* @brief Append a substring.
1216	* @param __str The string to append.
1217	* @param __pos Index of the first character of str to append.
1218	* @param __n The number of characters to append.
1219	* @return Reference to this string.
1220	* @throw std::out_of_range if @a __pos is not a valid index.
1221	*
1222	* This function appends @a __n characters from @a __str
1223	* starting at @a __pos to this string. If @a __n is is larger
1224	* than the number of available characters in @a __str, the
1225	* remainder of @a __str is appended.
1226	*/
1227	basic_string&
1228	append(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos, size_type __n = npos)
1229	{ return _M_append(__str._M_data()
1230	+ __str._M_check(__pos, "basic_string::append"),
1231	__str._M_limit(__pos, __n)); }
1232
1233	/**
1234	* @brief Append a C substring.
1235	* @param __s The C string to append.
1236	* @param __n The number of characters to append.
1237	* @return Reference to this string.
1238	*/
1239	basic_string&
1240	append(const _CharT* __s, size_type __n)
1241	{
1242	__glibcxx_requires_string_len(__s, __n);
1243	_M_check_length(size_type(0), __n, "basic_string::append");
1244	return _M_append(__s, __n);
1245	}
1246
1247	/**
1248	* @brief Append a C string.
1249	* @param __s The C string to append.
1250	* @return Reference to this string.
1251	*/
1252	basic_string&
1253	append(const _CharT* __s)
1254	{
1255	__glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
1256	const size_type __n = traits_type::length(__s);
1257	_M_check_length(size_type(0), __n, "basic_string::append");
1258	return _M_append(__s, __n);
1259	}
1260
1261	/**
1262	* @brief Append multiple characters.
1263	* @param __n The number of characters to append.
1264	* @param __c The character to use.
1265	* @return Reference to this string.
1266	*
1267	* Appends __n copies of __c to this string.
1268	*/
1269	basic_string&
1270	append(size_type __n, _CharT __c)
1271	{ return _M_replace_aux(this->size(), size_type(0), __n, __c); }
1272
1273	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
1274	/**
1275	* @brief Append an initializer_list of characters.
1276	* @param __l The initializer_list of characters to append.
1277	* @return Reference to this string.
1278	*/
1279	basic_string&
1280	append(initializer_list<_CharT> __l)
1281	{ return this->append(__l.begin(), __l.size()); }
1282	#endif // C++11
1283
1284	/**
1285	* @brief Append a range of characters.
1286	* @param __first Iterator referencing the first character to append.
1287	* @param __last Iterator marking the end of the range.
1288	* @return Reference to this string.
1289	*
1290	* Appends characters in the range [__first,__last) to this string.
1291	*/
1292	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
1293	template<class _InputIterator,
1294	typename = std::_RequireInputIter<_InputIterator>>
1295	#else
1296	template<class _InputIterator>
1297	#endif
1298	basic_string&
1299	append(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last)
1300	{ return this->replace(end(), end(), __first, __last); }
1301
1302	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
1303	/**
1304	* @brief Append a string_view.
1305	* @param __svt An object convertible to string_view to be appended.
1306	* @return Reference to this string.
1307	*/
1308	template<typename _Tp>
1309	_If_sv<_Tp, basic_string&>
1310	append(const _Tp& __svt)
1311	{
1312	__sv_type __sv = __svt;
1313	return this->append(__sv.data(), __sv.size());
1314	}
1315
1316	/**
1317	* @brief Append a range of characters from a string_view.
1318	* @param __svt An object convertible to string_view to be appended from.
1319	* @param __pos The position in the string_view to append from.
1320	* @param __n The number of characters to append from the string_view.
1321	* @return Reference to this string.
1322	*/
1323	template<typename _Tp>
1324	_If_sv<_Tp, basic_string&>
1325	append(const _Tp& __svt, size_type __pos, size_type __n = npos)
1326	{
1327	__sv_type __sv = __svt;
1328	return _M_append(__sv.data()
1329	+ __sv._M_check(__pos, "basic_string::append"),
1330	__sv._M_limit(__pos, __n));
1331	}
1332	#endif // C++17
1333
1334	/**
1335	* @brief Append a single character.
1336	* @param __c Character to append.
1337	*/
1338	void
1339	push_back(_CharT __c)
1340	{
1341	const size_type __size = this->size();
1342	if (__size + 1 > this->capacity())
1343	this->_M_mutate(__size, size_type(0), 0, size_type(1));
1344	traits_type::assign(this->_M_data()[__size], __c);
1345	this->_M_set_length(__size + 1);
1346	}
1347
1348	/**
1349	* @brief Set value to contents of another string.
1350	* @param __str Source string to use.
1351	* @return Reference to this string.
1352	*/
1353	basic_string&
1354	assign(const basic_string& __str)
1355	{
1356	this->_M_assign(__str);
1357	return *this;
1358	}
1359
1360	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
1361	/**
1362	* @brief Set value to contents of another string.
1363	* @param __str Source string to use.
1364	* @return Reference to this string.
1365	*
1366	* This function sets this string to the exact contents of @a __str.
1367	* @a __str is a valid, but unspecified string.
1368	*/
1369	basic_string&
1370	assign(basic_string&& __str)
1371	noexcept(_Alloc_traits::_S_nothrow_move())
1372	{
1373	// _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
1374	// 2063. Contradictory requirements for string move assignment
1375	return *this = std::move(__str);
1376	}
1377	#endif // C++11
1378
1379	/**
1380	* @brief Set value to a substring of a string.
1381	* @param __str The string to use.
1382	* @param __pos Index of the first character of str.
1383	* @param __n Number of characters to use.
1384	* @return Reference to this string.
1385	* @throw std::out_of_range if @a pos is not a valid index.
1386	*
1387	* This function sets this string to the substring of @a __str
1388	* consisting of @a __n characters at @a __pos. If @a __n is
1389	* is larger than the number of available characters in @a
1390	* __str, the remainder of @a __str is used.
1391	*/
1392	basic_string&
1393	assign(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos, size_type __n = npos)
1394	{ return _M_replace(size_type(0), this->size(), __str._M_data()
1395	+ __str._M_check(__pos, "basic_string::assign"),
1396	__str._M_limit(__pos, __n)); }
1397
1398	/**
1399	* @brief Set value to a C substring.
1400	* @param __s The C string to use.
1401	* @param __n Number of characters to use.
1402	* @return Reference to this string.
1403	*
1404	* This function sets the value of this string to the first @a __n
1405	* characters of @a __s. If @a __n is is larger than the number of
1406	* available characters in @a __s, the remainder of @a __s is used.
1407	*/
1408	basic_string&
1409	assign(const _CharT* __s, size_type __n)
1410	{
1411	__glibcxx_requires_string_len(__s, __n);
1412	return _M_replace(size_type(0), this->size(), __s, __n);
1413	}
1414
1415	/**
1416	* @brief Set value to contents of a C string.
1417	* @param __s The C string to use.
1418	* @return Reference to this string.
1419	*
1420	* This function sets the value of this string to the value of @a __s.
1421	* The data is copied, so there is no dependence on @a __s once the
1422	* function returns.
1423	*/
1424	basic_string&
1425	assign(const _CharT* __s)
1426	{
1427	__glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
1428	return _M_replace(size_type(0), this->size(), __s,
1429	traits_type::length(__s));
1430	}
1431
1432	/**
1433	* @brief Set value to multiple characters.
1434	* @param __n Length of the resulting string.
1435	* @param __c The character to use.
1436	* @return Reference to this string.
1437	*
1438	* This function sets the value of this string to @a __n copies of
1439	* character @a __c.
1440	*/
1441	basic_string&
1442	assign(size_type __n, _CharT __c)
1443	{ return _M_replace_aux(size_type(0), this->size(), __n, __c); }
1444
1445	/**
1446	* @brief Set value to a range of characters.
1447	* @param __first Iterator referencing the first character to append.
1448	* @param __last Iterator marking the end of the range.
1449	* @return Reference to this string.
1450	*
1451	* Sets value of string to characters in the range [__first,__last).
1452	*/
1453	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
1454	template<class _InputIterator,
1455	typename = std::_RequireInputIter<_InputIterator>>
1456	#else
1457	template<class _InputIterator>
1458	#endif
1459	basic_string&
1460	assign(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last)
1461	{ return this->replace(begin(), end(), __first, __last); }
1462
1463	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
1464	/**
1465	* @brief Set value to an initializer_list of characters.
1466	* @param __l The initializer_list of characters to assign.
1467	* @return Reference to this string.
1468	*/
1469	basic_string&
1470	assign(initializer_list<_CharT> __l)
1471	{ return this->assign(__l.begin(), __l.size()); }
1472	#endif // C++11
1473
1474	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
1475	/**
1476	* @brief Set value from a string_view.
1477	* @param __svt The source object convertible to string_view.
1478	* @return Reference to this string.
1479	*/
1480	template<typename _Tp>
1481	_If_sv<_Tp, basic_string&>
1482	assign(const _Tp& __svt)
1483	{
1484	__sv_type __sv = __svt;
1485	return this->assign(__sv.data(), __sv.size());
1486	}
1487
1488	/**
1489	* @brief Set value from a range of characters in a string_view.
1490	* @param __svt The source object convertible to string_view.
1491	* @param __pos The position in the string_view to assign from.
1492	* @param __n The number of characters to assign.
1493	* @return Reference to this string.
1494	*/
1495	template<typename _Tp>
1496	_If_sv<_Tp, basic_string&>
1497	assign(const _Tp& __svt, size_type __pos, size_type __n = npos)
1498	{
1499	__sv_type __sv = __svt;
1500	return _M_replace(size_type(0), this->size(), __sv.data()
1501	+ __sv._M_check(__pos, "basic_string::assign"),
1502	__sv._M_limit(__pos, __n));
1503	}
1504	#endif // C++17
1505
1506	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
1507	/**
1508	* @brief Insert multiple characters.
1509	* @param __p Const_iterator referencing location in string to
1510	* insert at.
1511	* @param __n Number of characters to insert
1512	* @param __c The character to insert.
1513	* @return Iterator referencing the first inserted char.
1514	* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1515	*
1516	* Inserts @a __n copies of character @a __c starting at the
1517	* position referenced by iterator @a __p. If adding
1518	* characters causes the length to exceed max_size(),
1519	* length_error is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
1520	* change if an error is thrown.
1521	*/
1522	iterator
1523	insert(const_iterator __p, size_type __n, _CharT __c)
1524	{
1525	_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__p >= begin() && __p <= end());
1526	const size_type __pos = __p - begin();
1527	this->replace(__p, __p, __n, __c);
1528	return iterator(this->_M_data() + __pos);
1529	}
1530	#else
1531	/**
1532	* @brief Insert multiple characters.
1533	* @param __p Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
1534	* @param __n Number of characters to insert
1535	* @param __c The character to insert.
1536	* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1537	*
1538	* Inserts @a __n copies of character @a __c starting at the
1539	* position referenced by iterator @a __p. If adding
1540	* characters causes the length to exceed max_size(),
1541	* length_error is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
1542	* change if an error is thrown.
1543	*/
1544	void
1545	insert(iterator __p, size_type __n, _CharT __c)
1546	{ this->replace(__p, __p, __n, __c); }
1547	#endif
1548
1549	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
1550	/**
1551	* @brief Insert a range of characters.
1552	* @param __p Const_iterator referencing location in string to
1553	* insert at.
1554	* @param __beg Start of range.
1555	* @param __end End of range.
1556	* @return Iterator referencing the first inserted char.
1557	* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1558	*
1559	* Inserts characters in range [beg,end). If adding characters
1560	* causes the length to exceed max_size(), length_error is
1561	* thrown. The value of the string doesn't change if an error
1562	* is thrown.
1563	*/
1564	template<class _InputIterator,
1565	typename = std::_RequireInputIter<_InputIterator>>
1566	iterator
1567	insert(const_iterator __p, _InputIterator __beg, _InputIterator __end)
1568	{
1569	_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__p >= begin() && __p <= end());
1570	const size_type __pos = __p - begin();
1571	this->replace(__p, __p, __beg, __end);
1572	return iterator(this->_M_data() + __pos);
1573	}
1574	#else
1575	/**
1576	* @brief Insert a range of characters.
1577	* @param __p Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
1578	* @param __beg Start of range.
1579	* @param __end End of range.
1580	* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1581	*
1582	* Inserts characters in range [__beg,__end). If adding
1583	* characters causes the length to exceed max_size(),
1584	* length_error is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
1585	* change if an error is thrown.
1586	*/
1587	template<class _InputIterator>
1588	void
1589	insert(iterator __p, _InputIterator __beg, _InputIterator __end)
1590	{ this->replace(__p, __p, __beg, __end); }
1591	#endif
1592
1593	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
1594	/**
1595	* @brief Insert an initializer_list of characters.
1596	* @param __p Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
1597	* @param __l The initializer_list of characters to insert.
1598	* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1599	*/
1600	void
1601	insert(iterator __p, initializer_list<_CharT> __l)
1602	{
1603	_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__p >= begin() && __p <= end());
1604	this->insert(__p - begin(), __l.begin(), __l.size());
1605	}
1606	#endif // C++11
1607
1608	/**
1609	* @brief Insert value of a string.
1610	* @param __pos1 Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
1611	* @param __str The string to insert.
1612	* @return Reference to this string.
1613	* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1614	*
1615	* Inserts value of @a __str starting at @a __pos1. If adding
1616	* characters causes the length to exceed max_size(),
1617	* length_error is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
1618	* change if an error is thrown.
1619	*/
1620	basic_string&
1621	insert(size_type __pos1, const basic_string& __str)
1622	{ return this->replace(__pos1, size_type(0),
1623	__str._M_data(), __str.size()); }
1624
1625	/**
1626	* @brief Insert a substring.
1627	* @param __pos1 Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
1628	* @param __str The string to insert.
1629	* @param __pos2 Start of characters in str to insert.
1630	* @param __n Number of characters to insert.
1631	* @return Reference to this string.
1632	* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1633	* @throw std::out_of_range If @a pos1 > size() or
1634	* @a __pos2 > @a str.size().
1635	*
1636	* Starting at @a pos1, insert @a __n character of @a __str
1637	* beginning with @a __pos2. If adding characters causes the
1638	* length to exceed max_size(), length_error is thrown. If @a
1639	* __pos1 is beyond the end of this string or @a __pos2 is
1640	* beyond the end of @a __str, out_of_range is thrown. The
1641	* value of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
1642	*/
1643	basic_string&
1644	insert(size_type __pos1, const basic_string& __str,
1645	size_type __pos2, size_type __n = npos)
1646	{ return this->replace(__pos1, size_type(0), __str._M_data()
1647	+ __str._M_check(__pos2, "basic_string::insert"),
1648	__str._M_limit(__pos2, __n)); }
1649
1650	/**
1651	* @brief Insert a C substring.
1652	* @param __pos Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
1653	* @param __s The C string to insert.
1654	* @param __n The number of characters to insert.
1655	* @return Reference to this string.
1656	* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1657	* @throw std::out_of_range If @a __pos is beyond the end of this
1658	* string.
1659	*
1660	* Inserts the first @a __n characters of @a __s starting at @a
1661	* __pos. If adding characters causes the length to exceed
1662	* max_size(), length_error is thrown. If @a __pos is beyond
1663	* end(), out_of_range is thrown. The value of the string
1664	* doesn't change if an error is thrown.
1665	*/
1666	basic_string&
1667	insert(size_type __pos, const _CharT* __s, size_type __n)
1668	{ return this->replace(__pos, size_type(0), __s, __n); }
1669
1670	/**
1671	* @brief Insert a C string.
1672	* @param __pos Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
1673	* @param __s The C string to insert.
1674	* @return Reference to this string.
1675	* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1676	* @throw std::out_of_range If @a pos is beyond the end of this
1677	* string.
1678	*
1679	* Inserts the first @a n characters of @a __s starting at @a __pos. If
1680	* adding characters causes the length to exceed max_size(),
1681	* length_error is thrown. If @a __pos is beyond end(), out_of_range is
1682	* thrown. The value of the string doesn't change if an error is
1683	* thrown.
1684	*/
1685	basic_string&
1686	insert(size_type __pos, const _CharT* __s)
1687	{
1688	__glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
1689	return this->replace(__pos, size_type(0), __s,
1690	traits_type::length(__s));
1691	}
1692
1693	/**
1694	* @brief Insert multiple characters.
1695	* @param __pos Index in string to insert at.
1696	* @param __n Number of characters to insert
1697	* @param __c The character to insert.
1698	* @return Reference to this string.
1699	* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1700	* @throw std::out_of_range If @a __pos is beyond the end of this
1701	* string.
1702	*
1703	* Inserts @a __n copies of character @a __c starting at index
1704	* @a __pos. If adding characters causes the length to exceed
1705	* max_size(), length_error is thrown. If @a __pos > length(),
1706	* out_of_range is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
1707	* change if an error is thrown.
1708	*/
1709	basic_string&
1710	insert(size_type __pos, size_type __n, _CharT __c)
1711	{ return _M_replace_aux(_M_check(__pos, "basic_string::insert"),
1712	size_type(0), __n, __c); }
1713
1714	/**
1715	* @brief Insert one character.
1716	* @param __p Iterator referencing position in string to insert at.
1717	* @param __c The character to insert.
1718	* @return Iterator referencing newly inserted char.
1719	* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1720	*
1721	* Inserts character @a __c at position referenced by @a __p.
1722	* If adding character causes the length to exceed max_size(),
1723	* length_error is thrown. If @a __p is beyond end of string,
1724	* out_of_range is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
1725	* change if an error is thrown.
1726	*/
1727	iterator
1728	insert(__const_iterator __p, _CharT __c)
1729	{
1730	_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__p >= begin() && __p <= end());
1731	const size_type __pos = __p - begin();
1732	_M_replace_aux(__pos, size_type(0), size_type(1), __c);
1733	return iterator(_M_data() + __pos);
1734	}
1735
1736	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
1737	/**
1738	* @brief Insert a string_view.
1739	* @param __pos Iterator referencing position in string to insert at.
1740	* @param __svt The object convertible to string_view to insert.
1741	* @return Reference to this string.
1742	*/
1743	template<typename _Tp>
1744	_If_sv<_Tp, basic_string&>
1745	insert(size_type __pos, const _Tp& __svt)
1746	{
1747	__sv_type __sv = __svt;
1748	return this->insert(__pos, __sv.data(), __sv.size());
1749	}
1750
1751	/**
1752	* @brief Insert a string_view.
1753	* @param __pos Iterator referencing position in string to insert at.
1754	* @param __svt The object convertible to string_view to insert from.
1755	* @param __pos Iterator referencing position in string_view to insert
1756	* from.
1757	* @param __n The number of characters to insert.
1758	* @return Reference to this string.
1759	*/
1760	template<typename _Tp>
1761	_If_sv<_Tp, basic_string&>
1762	insert(size_type __pos1, const _Tp& __svt,
1763	size_type __pos2, size_type __n = npos)
1764	{
1765	__sv_type __sv = __svt;
1766	return this->replace(__pos1, size_type(0), __sv.data()
1767	+ __sv._M_check(__pos2, "basic_string::insert"),
1768	__sv._M_limit(__pos2, __n));
1769	}
1770	#endif // C++17
1771
1772	/**
1773	* @brief Remove characters.
1774	* @param __pos Index of first character to remove (default 0).
1775	* @param __n Number of characters to remove (default remainder).
1776	* @return Reference to this string.
1777	* @throw std::out_of_range If @a pos is beyond the end of this
1778	* string.
1779	*
1780	* Removes @a __n characters from this string starting at @a
1781	* __pos. The length of the string is reduced by @a __n. If
1782	* there are < @a __n characters to remove, the remainder of
1783	* the string is truncated. If @a __p is beyond end of string,
1784	* out_of_range is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
1785	* change if an error is thrown.
1786	*/
1787	basic_string&
1788	erase(size_type __pos = 0, size_type __n = npos)
1789	{
1790	_M_check(__pos, "basic_string::erase");
1791	if (__n == npos)
1792	this->_M_set_length(__pos);
1793	else if (__n != 0)
1794	this->_M_erase(__pos, _M_limit(__pos, __n));
1795	return *this;
1796	}
1797
1798	/**
1799	* @brief Remove one character.
1800	* @param __position Iterator referencing the character to remove.
1801	* @return iterator referencing same location after removal.
1802	*
1803	* Removes the character at @a __position from this string. The value
1804	* of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
1805	*/
1806	iterator
1807	erase(__const_iterator __position)
1808	{
1809	_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__position >= begin()
1810	&& __position < end());
1811	const size_type __pos = __position - begin();
1812	this->_M_erase(__pos, size_type(1));
1813	return iterator(_M_data() + __pos);
1814	}
1815
1816	/**
1817	* @brief Remove a range of characters.
1818	* @param __first Iterator referencing the first character to remove.
1819	* @param __last Iterator referencing the end of the range.
1820	* @return Iterator referencing location of first after removal.
1821	*
1822	* Removes the characters in the range [first,last) from this string.
1823	* The value of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
1824	*/
1825	iterator
1826	erase(__const_iterator __first, __const_iterator __last)
1827	{
1828	_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__first >= begin() && __first <= __last
1829	&& __last <= end());
1830	const size_type __pos = __first - begin();
1831	if (__last == end())
1832	this->_M_set_length(__pos);
1833	else
1834	this->_M_erase(__pos, __last - __first);
1835	return iterator(this->_M_data() + __pos);
1836	}
1837
1838	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
1839	/**
1840	* @brief Remove the last character.
1841	*
1842	* The string must be non-empty.
1843	*/
1844	void
1845	pop_back() noexcept
1846	{
1847	__glibcxx_assert(!empty());
1848	_M_erase(size() - 1, 1);
1849	}
1850	#endif // C++11
1851
1852	/**
1853	* @brief Replace characters with value from another string.
1854	* @param __pos Index of first character to replace.
1855	* @param __n Number of characters to be replaced.
1856	* @param __str String to insert.
1857	* @return Reference to this string.
1858	* @throw std::out_of_range If @a pos is beyond the end of this
1859	* string.
1860	* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1861	*
1862	* Removes the characters in the range [__pos,__pos+__n) from
1863	* this string. In place, the value of @a __str is inserted.
1864	* If @a __pos is beyond end of string, out_of_range is thrown.
1865	* If the length of the result exceeds max_size(), length_error
1866	* is thrown. The value of the string doesn't change if an
1867	* error is thrown.
1868	*/
1869	basic_string&
1870	replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n, const basic_string& __str)
1871	{ return this->replace(__pos, __n, __str._M_data(), __str.size()); }
1872
1873	/**
1874	* @brief Replace characters with value from another string.
1875	* @param __pos1 Index of first character to replace.
1876	* @param __n1 Number of characters to be replaced.
1877	* @param __str String to insert.
1878	* @param __pos2 Index of first character of str to use.
1879	* @param __n2 Number of characters from str to use.
1880	* @return Reference to this string.
1881	* @throw std::out_of_range If @a __pos1 > size() or @a __pos2 >
1882	* __str.size().
1883	* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1884	*
1885	* Removes the characters in the range [__pos1,__pos1 + n) from this
1886	* string. In place, the value of @a __str is inserted. If @a __pos is
1887	* beyond end of string, out_of_range is thrown. If the length of the
1888	* result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown. The value of the
1889	* string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
1890	*/
1891	basic_string&
1892	replace(size_type __pos1, size_type __n1, const basic_string& __str,
1893	size_type __pos2, size_type __n2 = npos)
1894	{ return this->replace(__pos1, __n1, __str._M_data()
1895	+ __str._M_check(__pos2, "basic_string::replace"),
1896	__str._M_limit(__pos2, __n2)); }
1897
1898	/**
1899	* @brief Replace characters with value of a C substring.
1900	* @param __pos Index of first character to replace.
1901	* @param __n1 Number of characters to be replaced.
1902	* @param __s C string to insert.
1903	* @param __n2 Number of characters from @a s to use.
1904	* @return Reference to this string.
1905	* @throw std::out_of_range If @a pos1 > size().
1906	* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1907	*
1908	* Removes the characters in the range [__pos,__pos + __n1)
1909	* from this string. In place, the first @a __n2 characters of
1910	* @a __s are inserted, or all of @a __s if @a __n2 is too large. If
1911	* @a __pos is beyond end of string, out_of_range is thrown. If
1912	* the length of result exceeds max_size(), length_error is
1913	* thrown. The value of the string doesn't change if an error
1914	* is thrown.
1915	*/
1916	basic_string&
1917	replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, const _CharT* __s,
1918	size_type __n2)
1919	{
1920	__glibcxx_requires_string_len(__s, __n2);
1921	return _M_replace(_M_check(__pos, "basic_string::replace"),
1922	_M_limit(__pos, __n1), __s, __n2);
1923	}
1924
1925	/**
1926	* @brief Replace characters with value of a C string.
1927	* @param __pos Index of first character to replace.
1928	* @param __n1 Number of characters to be replaced.
1929	* @param __s C string to insert.
1930	* @return Reference to this string.
1931	* @throw std::out_of_range If @a pos > size().
1932	* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1933	*
1934	* Removes the characters in the range [__pos,__pos + __n1)
1935	* from this string. In place, the characters of @a __s are
1936	* inserted. If @a __pos is beyond end of string, out_of_range
1937	* is thrown. If the length of result exceeds max_size(),
1938	* length_error is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
1939	* change if an error is thrown.
1940	*/
1941	basic_string&
1942	replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, const _CharT* __s)
1943	{
1944	__glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
1945	return this->replace(__pos, __n1, __s, traits_type::length(__s));
1946	}
1947
1948	/**
1949	* @brief Replace characters with multiple characters.
1950	* @param __pos Index of first character to replace.
1951	* @param __n1 Number of characters to be replaced.
1952	* @param __n2 Number of characters to insert.
1953	* @param __c Character to insert.
1954	* @return Reference to this string.
1955	* @throw std::out_of_range If @a __pos > size().
1956	* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1957	*
1958	* Removes the characters in the range [pos,pos + n1) from this
1959	* string. In place, @a __n2 copies of @a __c are inserted.
1960	* If @a __pos is beyond end of string, out_of_range is thrown.
1961	* If the length of result exceeds max_size(), length_error is
1962	* thrown. The value of the string doesn't change if an error
1963	* is thrown.
1964	*/
1965	basic_string&
1966	replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, size_type __n2, _CharT __c)
1967	{ return _M_replace_aux(_M_check(__pos, "basic_string::replace"),
1968	_M_limit(__pos, __n1), __n2, __c); }
1969
1970	/**
1971	* @brief Replace range of characters with string.
1972	* @param __i1 Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
1973	* @param __i2 Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
1974	* @param __str String value to insert.
1975	* @return Reference to this string.
1976	* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1977	*
1978	* Removes the characters in the range [__i1,__i2). In place,
1979	* the value of @a __str is inserted. If the length of result
1980	* exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown. The value of
1981	* the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
1982	*/
1983	basic_string&
1984	replace(__const_iterator __i1, __const_iterator __i2,
1985	const basic_string& __str)
1986	{ return this->replace(__i1, __i2, __str._M_data(), __str.size()); }
1987
1988	/**
1989	* @brief Replace range of characters with C substring.
1990	* @param __i1 Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
1991	* @param __i2 Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
1992	* @param __s C string value to insert.
1993	* @param __n Number of characters from s to insert.
1994	* @return Reference to this string.
1995	* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1996	*
1997	* Removes the characters in the range [__i1,__i2). In place,
1998	* the first @a __n characters of @a __s are inserted. If the
1999	* length of result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown.
2000	* The value of the string doesn't change if an error is
2001	* thrown.
2002	*/
2003	basic_string&
2004	replace(__const_iterator __i1, __const_iterator __i2,
2005	const _CharT* __s, size_type __n)
2006	{
2007	_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(begin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
2008	&& __i2 <= end());
2009	return this->replace(__i1 - begin(), __i2 - __i1, __s, __n);
2010	}
2011
2012	/**
2013	* @brief Replace range of characters with C string.
2014	* @param __i1 Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
2015	* @param __i2 Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
2016	* @param __s C string value to insert.
2017	* @return Reference to this string.
2018	* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
2019	*
2020	* Removes the characters in the range [__i1,__i2). In place,
2021	* the characters of @a __s are inserted. If the length of
2022	* result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown. The
2023	* value of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
2024	*/
2025	basic_string&
2026	replace(__const_iterator __i1, __const_iterator __i2, const _CharT* __s)
2027	{
2028	__glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
2029	return this->replace(__i1, __i2, __s, traits_type::length(__s));
2030	}
2031
2032	/**
2033	* @brief Replace range of characters with multiple characters
2034	* @param __i1 Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
2035	* @param __i2 Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
2036	* @param __n Number of characters to insert.
2037	* @param __c Character to insert.
2038	* @return Reference to this string.
2039	* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
2040	*
2041	* Removes the characters in the range [__i1,__i2). In place,
2042	* @a __n copies of @a __c are inserted. If the length of
2043	* result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown. The
2044	* value of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
2045	*/
2046	basic_string&
2047	replace(__const_iterator __i1, __const_iterator __i2, size_type __n,
2048	_CharT __c)
2049	{
2050	_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(begin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
2051	&& __i2 <= end());
2052	return _M_replace_aux(__i1 - begin(), __i2 - __i1, __n, __c);
2053	}
2054
2055	/**
2056	* @brief Replace range of characters with range.
2057	* @param __i1 Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
2058	* @param __i2 Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
2059	* @param __k1 Iterator referencing start of range to insert.
2060	* @param __k2 Iterator referencing end of range to insert.
2061	* @return Reference to this string.
2062	* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
2063	*
2064	* Removes the characters in the range [__i1,__i2). In place,
2065	* characters in the range [__k1,__k2) are inserted. If the
2066	* length of result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown.
2067	* The value of the string doesn't change if an error is
2068	* thrown.
2069	*/
2070	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
2071	template<class _InputIterator,
2072	typename = std::_RequireInputIter<_InputIterator>>
2073	basic_string&
2074	replace(const_iterator __i1, const_iterator __i2,
2075	_InputIterator __k1, _InputIterator __k2)
2076	{
2077	_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(begin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
2078	&& __i2 <= end());
2079	__glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
2080	return this->_M_replace_dispatch(__i1, __i2, __k1, __k2,
2081	std::__false_type());
2082	}
2083	#else
2084	template<class _InputIterator>
2085	#ifdef _GLIBCXX_DISAMBIGUATE_REPLACE_INST
2086	typename __enable_if_not_native_iterator<_InputIterator>::__type
2087	#else
2088	basic_string&
2089	#endif
2090	replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2,
2091	_InputIterator __k1, _InputIterator __k2)
2092	{
2093	_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(begin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
2094	&& __i2 <= end());
2095	__glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
2096	typedef typename std::__is_integer<_InputIterator>::__type _Integral;
2097	return _M_replace_dispatch(__i1, __i2, __k1, __k2, _Integral());
2098	}
2099	#endif
2100
2101	// Specializations for the common case of pointer and iterator:
2102	// useful to avoid the overhead of temporary buffering in _M_replace.
2103	basic_string&
2104	replace(__const_iterator __i1, __const_iterator __i2,
2105	_CharT* __k1, _CharT* __k2)
2106	{
2107	_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(begin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
2108	&& __i2 <= end());
2109	__glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
2110	return this->replace(__i1 - begin(), __i2 - __i1,
2111	__k1, __k2 - __k1);
2112	}
2113
2114	basic_string&
2115	replace(__const_iterator __i1, __const_iterator __i2,
2116	const _CharT* __k1, const _CharT* __k2)
2117	{
2118	_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(begin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
2119	&& __i2 <= end());
2120	__glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
2121	return this->replace(__i1 - begin(), __i2 - __i1,
2122	__k1, __k2 - __k1);
2123	}
2124
2125	basic_string&
2126	replace(__const_iterator __i1, __const_iterator __i2,
2127	iterator __k1, iterator __k2)
2128	{
2129	_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(begin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
2130	&& __i2 <= end());
2131	__glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
2132	return this->replace(__i1 - begin(), __i2 - __i1,
2133	__k1.base(), __k2 - __k1);
2134	}
2135
2136	basic_string&
2137	replace(__const_iterator __i1, __const_iterator __i2,
2138	const_iterator __k1, const_iterator __k2)
2139	{
2140	_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(begin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
2141	&& __i2 <= end());
2142	__glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
2143	return this->replace(__i1 - begin(), __i2 - __i1,
2144	__k1.base(), __k2 - __k1);
2145	}
2146
2147	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
2148	/**
2149	* @brief Replace range of characters with initializer_list.
2150	* @param __i1 Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
2151	* @param __i2 Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
2152	* @param __l The initializer_list of characters to insert.
2153	* @return Reference to this string.
2154	* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
2155	*
2156	* Removes the characters in the range [__i1,__i2). In place,
2157	* characters in the range [__k1,__k2) are inserted. If the
2158	* length of result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown.
2159	* The value of the string doesn't change if an error is
2160	* thrown.
2161	*/
2162	basic_string& replace(const_iterator __i1, const_iterator __i2,
2163	initializer_list<_CharT> __l)
2164	{ return this->replace(__i1, __i2, __l.begin(), __l.size()); }
2165	#endif // C++11
2166
2167	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
2168	/**
2169	* @brief Replace range of characters with string_view.
2170	* @param __pos The position to replace at.
2171	* @param __n The number of characters to replace.
2172	* @param __svt The object convertible to string_view to insert.
2173	* @return Reference to this string.
2174	*/
2175	template<typename _Tp>
2176	_If_sv<_Tp, basic_string&>
2177	replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n, const _Tp& __svt)
2178	{
2179	__sv_type __sv = __svt;
2180	return this->replace(__pos, __n, __sv.data(), __sv.size());
2181	}
2182
2183	/**
2184	* @brief Replace range of characters with string_view.
2185	* @param __pos1 The position to replace at.
2186	* @param __n1 The number of characters to replace.
2187	* @param __svt The object convertible to string_view to insert from.
2188	* @param __pos2 The position in the string_view to insert from.
2189	* @param __n2 The number of characters to insert.
2190	* @return Reference to this string.
2191	*/
2192	template<typename _Tp>
2193	_If_sv<_Tp, basic_string&>
2194	replace(size_type __pos1, size_type __n1, const _Tp& __svt,
2195	size_type __pos2, size_type __n2 = npos)
2196	{
2197	__sv_type __sv = __svt;
2198	return this->replace(__pos1, __n1, __sv.data()
2199	+ __sv._M_check(__pos2, "basic_string::replace"),
2200	__sv._M_limit(__pos2, __n2));
2201	}
2202
2203	/**
2204	* @brief Replace range of characters with string_view.
2205	* @param __i1 An iterator referencing the start position
2206	to replace at.
2207	* @param __i2 An iterator referencing the end position
2208	for the replace.
2209	* @param __svt The object convertible to string_view to insert from.
2210	* @return Reference to this string.
2211	*/
2212	template<typename _Tp>
2213	_If_sv<_Tp, basic_string&>
2214	replace(const_iterator __i1, const_iterator __i2, const _Tp& __svt)
2215	{
2216	__sv_type __sv = __svt;
2217	return this->replace(__i1 - begin(), __i2 - __i1, __sv);
2218	}
2219	#endif // C++17
2220
2221	private:
2222	template<class _Integer>
2223	basic_string&
2224	_M_replace_dispatch(const_iterator __i1, const_iterator __i2,
2225	_Integer __n, _Integer __val, __true_type)
2226	{ return _M_replace_aux(__i1 - begin(), __i2 - __i1, __n, __val); }
2227
2228	template<class _InputIterator>
2229	basic_string&
2230	_M_replace_dispatch(const_iterator __i1, const_iterator __i2,
2231	_InputIterator __k1, _InputIterator __k2,
2232	__false_type);
2233
2234	basic_string&
2235	_M_replace_aux(size_type __pos1, size_type __n1, size_type __n2,
2236	_CharT __c);
2237
2238	basic_string&
2239	_M_replace(size_type __pos, size_type __len1, const _CharT* __s,
2240	const size_type __len2);
2241
2242	basic_string&
2243	_M_append(const _CharT* __s, size_type __n);
2244
2245	public:
2246
2247	/**
2248	* @brief Copy substring into C string.
2249	* @param __s C string to copy value into.
2250	* @param __n Number of characters to copy.
2251	* @param __pos Index of first character to copy.
2252	* @return Number of characters actually copied
2253	* @throw std::out_of_range If __pos > size().
2254	*
2255	* Copies up to @a __n characters starting at @a __pos into the
2256	* C string @a __s. If @a __pos is %greater than size(),
2257	* out_of_range is thrown.
2258	*/
2259	size_type
2260	copy(_CharT* __s, size_type __n, size_type __pos = 0) const;
2261
2262	/**
2263	* @brief Swap contents with another string.
2264	* @param __s String to swap with.
2265	*
2266	* Exchanges the contents of this string with that of @a __s in constant
2267	* time.
2268	*/
2269	void
2270	swap(basic_string& __s) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
2271
2272	// String operations:
2273	/**
2274	* @brief Return const pointer to null-terminated contents.
2275	*
2276	* This is a handle to internal data. Do not modify or dire things may
2277	* happen.
2278	*/
2279	const _CharT*
2280	c_str() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2281	{ return _M_data(); }
2282
2283	/**
2284	* @brief Return const pointer to contents.
2285	*
2286	* This is a pointer to internal data. It is undefined to modify
2287	* the contents through the returned pointer. To get a pointer that
2288	* allows modifying the contents use @c &str[0] instead,
2289	* (or in C++17 the non-const @c str.data() overload).
2290	*/
2291	const _CharT*
2292	data() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2293	{ return _M_data(); }
2294
2295	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
2296	/**
2297	* @brief Return non-const pointer to contents.
2298	*
2299	* This is a pointer to the character sequence held by the string.
2300	* Modifying the characters in the sequence is allowed.
2301	*/
2302	_CharT*
2303	data() noexcept
2304	{ return _M_data(); }
2305	#endif
2306
2307	/**
2308	* @brief Return copy of allocator used to construct this string.
2309	*/
2310	allocator_type
2311	get_allocator() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2312	{ return _M_get_allocator(); }
2313
2314	/**
2315	* @brief Find position of a C substring.
2316	* @param __s C string to locate.
2317	* @param __pos Index of character to search from.
2318	* @param __n Number of characters from @a s to search for.
2319	* @return Index of start of first occurrence.
2320	*
2321	* Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for the first @a
2322	* __n characters in @a __s within this string. If found,
2323	* returns the index where it begins. If not found, returns
2324	* npos.
2325	*/
2326	size_type
2327	find(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos, size_type __n) const
2328	_GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
2329
2330	/**
2331	* @brief Find position of a string.
2332	* @param __str String to locate.
2333	* @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
2334	* @return Index of start of first occurrence.
2335	*
2336	* Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for value of @a __str within
2337	* this string. If found, returns the index where it begins. If not
2338	* found, returns npos.
2339	*/
2340	size_type
2341	find(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = 0) const
2342	_GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2343	{ return this->find(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
2344
2345	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
2346	/**
2347	* @brief Find position of a string_view.
2348	* @param __svt The object convertible to string_view to locate.
2349	* @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
2350	* @return Index of start of first occurrence.
2351	*/
2352	template<typename _Tp>
2353	_If_sv<_Tp, size_type>
2354	find(const _Tp& __svt, size_type __pos = 0) const
2355	noexcept(is_same<_Tp, __sv_type>::value)
2356	{
2357	__sv_type __sv = __svt;
2358	return this->find(__sv.data(), __pos, __sv.size());
2359	}
2360	#endif // C++17
2361
2362	/**
2363	* @brief Find position of a C string.
2364	* @param __s C string to locate.
2365	* @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
2366	* @return Index of start of first occurrence.
2367	*
2368	* Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for the value of @a
2369	* __s within this string. If found, returns the index where
2370	* it begins. If not found, returns npos.
2371	*/
2372	size_type
2373	find(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = 0) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2374	{
2375	__glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
2376	return this->find(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
2377	}
2378
2379	/**
2380	* @brief Find position of a character.
2381	* @param __c Character to locate.
2382	* @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
2383	* @return Index of first occurrence.
2384	*
2385	* Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for @a __c within
2386	* this string. If found, returns the index where it was
2387	* found. If not found, returns npos.
2388	*/
2389	size_type
2390	find(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = 0) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
2391
2392	/**
2393	* @brief Find last position of a string.
2394	* @param __str String to locate.
2395	* @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
2396	* @return Index of start of last occurrence.
2397	*
2398	* Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for value of @a
2399	* __str within this string. If found, returns the index where
2400	* it begins. If not found, returns npos.
2401	*/
2402	size_type
2403	rfind(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = npos) const
2404	_GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2405	{ return this->rfind(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
2406
2407	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
2408	/**
2409	* @brief Find last position of a string_view.
2410	* @param __svt The object convertible to string_view to locate.
2411	* @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
2412	* @return Index of start of last occurrence.
2413	*/
2414	template<typename _Tp>
2415	_If_sv<_Tp, size_type>
2416	rfind(const _Tp& __svt, size_type __pos = npos) const
2417	noexcept(is_same<_Tp, __sv_type>::value)
2418	{
2419	__sv_type __sv = __svt;
2420	return this->rfind(__sv.data(), __pos, __sv.size());
2421	}
2422	#endif // C++17
2423
2424	/**
2425	* @brief Find last position of a C substring.
2426	* @param __s C string to locate.
2427	* @param __pos Index of character to search back from.
2428	* @param __n Number of characters from s to search for.
2429	* @return Index of start of last occurrence.
2430	*
2431	* Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for the first @a
2432	* __n characters in @a __s within this string. If found,
2433	* returns the index where it begins. If not found, returns
2434	* npos.
2435	*/
2436	size_type
2437	rfind(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos, size_type __n) const
2438	_GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
2439
2440	/**
2441	* @brief Find last position of a C string.
2442	* @param __s C string to locate.
2443	* @param __pos Index of character to start search at (default end).
2444	* @return Index of start of last occurrence.
2445	*
2446	* Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for the value of
2447	* @a __s within this string. If found, returns the index
2448	* where it begins. If not found, returns npos.
2449	*/
2450	size_type
2451	rfind(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = npos) const
2452	{
2453	__glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
2454	return this->rfind(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
2455	}
2456
2457	/**
2458	* @brief Find last position of a character.
2459	* @param __c Character to locate.
2460	* @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
2461	* @return Index of last occurrence.
2462	*
2463	* Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for @a __c within
2464	* this string. If found, returns the index where it was
2465	* found. If not found, returns npos.
2466	*/
2467	size_type
2468	rfind(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = npos) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
2469
2470	/**
2471	* @brief Find position of a character of string.
2472	* @param __str String containing characters to locate.
2473	* @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
2474	* @return Index of first occurrence.
2475	*
2476	* Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for one of the
2477	* characters of @a __str within this string. If found,
2478	* returns the index where it was found. If not found, returns
2479	* npos.
2480	*/
2481	size_type
2482	find_first_of(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = 0) const
2483	_GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2484	{ return this->find_first_of(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
2485
2486	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
2487	/**
2488	* @brief Find position of a character of a string_view.
2489	* @param __svt An object convertible to string_view containing
2490	* characters to locate.
2491	* @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
2492	* @return Index of first occurrence.
2493	*/
2494	template<typename _Tp>
2495	_If_sv<_Tp, size_type>
2496	find_first_of(const _Tp& __svt, size_type __pos = 0) const
2497	noexcept(is_same<_Tp, __sv_type>::value)
2498	{
2499	__sv_type __sv = __svt;
2500	return this->find_first_of(__sv.data(), __pos, __sv.size());
2501	}
2502	#endif // C++17
2503
2504	/**
2505	* @brief Find position of a character of C substring.
2506	* @param __s String containing characters to locate.
2507	* @param __pos Index of character to search from.
2508	* @param __n Number of characters from s to search for.
2509	* @return Index of first occurrence.
2510	*
2511	* Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for one of the
2512	* first @a __n characters of @a __s within this string. If
2513	* found, returns the index where it was found. If not found,
2514	* returns npos.
2515	*/
2516	size_type
2517	find_first_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos, size_type __n) const
2518	_GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
2519
2520	/**
2521	* @brief Find position of a character of C string.
2522	* @param __s String containing characters to locate.
2523	* @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
2524	* @return Index of first occurrence.
2525	*
2526	* Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for one of the
2527	* characters of @a __s within this string. If found, returns
2528	* the index where it was found. If not found, returns npos.
2529	*/
2530	size_type
2531	find_first_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = 0) const
2532	_GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2533	{
2534	__glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
2535	return this->find_first_of(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
2536	}
2537
2538	/**
2539	* @brief Find position of a character.
2540	* @param __c Character to locate.
2541	* @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
2542	* @return Index of first occurrence.
2543	*
2544	* Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for the character
2545	* @a __c within this string. If found, returns the index
2546	* where it was found. If not found, returns npos.
2547	*
2548	* Note: equivalent to find(__c, __pos).
2549	*/
2550	size_type
2551	find_first_of(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = 0) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2552	{ return this->find(__c, __pos); }
2553
2554	/**
2555	* @brief Find last position of a character of string.
2556	* @param __str String containing characters to locate.
2557	* @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
2558	* @return Index of last occurrence.
2559	*
2560	* Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for one of the
2561	* characters of @a __str within this string. If found,
2562	* returns the index where it was found. If not found, returns
2563	* npos.
2564	*/
2565	size_type
2566	find_last_of(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = npos) const
2567	_GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2568	{ return this->find_last_of(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
2569
2570	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
2571	/**
2572	* @brief Find last position of a character of string.
2573	* @param __svt An object convertible to string_view containing
2574	* characters to locate.
2575	* @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
2576	* @return Index of last occurrence.
2577	*/
2578	template<typename _Tp>
2579	_If_sv<_Tp, size_type>
2580	find_last_of(const _Tp& __svt, size_type __pos = npos) const
2581	noexcept(is_same<_Tp, __sv_type>::value)
2582	{
2583	__sv_type __sv = __svt;
2584	return this->find_last_of(__sv.data(), __pos, __sv.size());
2585	}
2586	#endif // C++17
2587
2588	/**
2589	* @brief Find last position of a character of C substring.
2590	* @param __s C string containing characters to locate.
2591	* @param __pos Index of character to search back from.
2592	* @param __n Number of characters from s to search for.
2593	* @return Index of last occurrence.
2594	*
2595	* Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for one of the
2596	* first @a __n characters of @a __s within this string. If
2597	* found, returns the index where it was found. If not found,
2598	* returns npos.
2599	*/
2600	size_type
2601	find_last_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos, size_type __n) const
2602	_GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
2603
2604	/**
2605	* @brief Find last position of a character of C string.
2606	* @param __s C string containing characters to locate.
2607	* @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
2608	* @return Index of last occurrence.
2609	*
2610	* Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for one of the
2611	* characters of @a __s within this string. If found, returns
2612	* the index where it was found. If not found, returns npos.
2613	*/
2614	size_type
2615	find_last_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = npos) const
2616	_GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2617	{
2618	__glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
2619	return this->find_last_of(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
2620	}
2621
2622	/**
2623	* @brief Find last position of a character.
2624	* @param __c Character to locate.
2625	* @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
2626	* @return Index of last occurrence.
2627	*
2628	* Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for @a __c within
2629	* this string. If found, returns the index where it was
2630	* found. If not found, returns npos.
2631	*
2632	* Note: equivalent to rfind(__c, __pos).
2633	*/
2634	size_type
2635	find_last_of(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = npos) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2636	{ return this->rfind(__c, __pos); }
2637
2638	/**
2639	* @brief Find position of a character not in string.
2640	* @param __str String containing characters to avoid.
2641	* @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
2642	* @return Index of first occurrence.
2643	*
2644	* Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for a character not contained
2645	* in @a __str within this string. If found, returns the index where it
2646	* was found. If not found, returns npos.
2647	*/
2648	size_type
2649	find_first_not_of(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = 0) const
2650	_GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2651	{ return this->find_first_not_of(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
2652
2653	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
2654	/**
2655	* @brief Find position of a character not in a string_view.
2656	* @param __svt A object convertible to string_view containing
2657	* characters to avoid.
2658	* @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
2659	* @return Index of first occurrence.
2660	*/
2661	template<typename _Tp>
2662	_If_sv<_Tp, size_type>
2663	find_first_not_of(const _Tp& __svt, size_type __pos = 0) const
2664	noexcept(is_same<_Tp, __sv_type>::value)
2665	{
2666	__sv_type __sv = __svt;
2667	return this->find_first_not_of(__sv.data(), __pos, __sv.size());
2668	}
2669	#endif // C++17
2670
2671	/**
2672	* @brief Find position of a character not in C substring.
2673	* @param __s C string containing characters to avoid.
2674	* @param __pos Index of character to search from.
2675	* @param __n Number of characters from __s to consider.
2676	* @return Index of first occurrence.
2677	*
2678	* Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for a character not
2679	* contained in the first @a __n characters of @a __s within
2680	* this string. If found, returns the index where it was
2681	* found. If not found, returns npos.
2682	*/
2683	size_type
2684	find_first_not_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos,
2685	size_type __n) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
2686
2687	/**
2688	* @brief Find position of a character not in C string.
2689	* @param __s C string containing characters to avoid.
2690	* @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
2691	* @return Index of first occurrence.
2692	*
2693	* Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for a character not
2694	* contained in @a __s within this string. If found, returns
2695	* the index where it was found. If not found, returns npos.
2696	*/
2697	size_type
2698	find_first_not_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = 0) const
2699	_GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2700	{
2701	__glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
2702	return this->find_first_not_of(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
2703	}
2704
2705	/**
2706	* @brief Find position of a different character.
2707	* @param __c Character to avoid.
2708	* @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
2709	* @return Index of first occurrence.
2710	*
2711	* Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for a character
2712	* other than @a __c within this string. If found, returns the
2713	* index where it was found. If not found, returns npos.
2714	*/
2715	size_type
2716	find_first_not_of(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = 0) const
2717	_GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
2718
2719	/**
2720	* @brief Find last position of a character not in string.
2721	* @param __str String containing characters to avoid.
2722	* @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
2723	* @return Index of last occurrence.
2724	*
2725	* Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for a character
2726	* not contained in @a __str within this string. If found,
2727	* returns the index where it was found. If not found, returns
2728	* npos.
2729	*/
2730	size_type
2731	find_last_not_of(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = npos) const
2732	_GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2733	{ return this->find_last_not_of(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
2734
2735	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
2736	/**
2737	* @brief Find last position of a character not in a string_view.
2738	* @param __svt An object convertible to string_view containing
2739	* characters to avoid.
2740	* @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
2741	* @return Index of last occurrence.
2742	*/
2743	template<typename _Tp>
2744	_If_sv<_Tp, size_type>
2745	find_last_not_of(const _Tp& __svt, size_type __pos = npos) const
2746	noexcept(is_same<_Tp, __sv_type>::value)
2747	{
2748	__sv_type __sv = __svt;
2749	return this->find_last_not_of(__sv.data(), __pos, __sv.size());
2750	}
2751	#endif // C++17
2752
2753	/**
2754	* @brief Find last position of a character not in C substring.
2755	* @param __s C string containing characters to avoid.
2756	* @param __pos Index of character to search back from.
2757	* @param __n Number of characters from s to consider.
2758	* @return Index of last occurrence.
2759	*
2760	* Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for a character not
2761	* contained in the first @a __n characters of @a __s within this string.
2762	* If found, returns the index where it was found. If not found,
2763	* returns npos.
2764	*/
2765	size_type
2766	find_last_not_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos,
2767	size_type __n) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
2768	/**
2769	* @brief Find last position of a character not in C string.
2770	* @param __s C string containing characters to avoid.
2771	* @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
2772	* @return Index of last occurrence.
2773	*
2774	* Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for a character
2775	* not contained in @a __s within this string. If found,
2776	* returns the index where it was found. If not found, returns
2777	* npos.
2778	*/
2779	size_type
2780	find_last_not_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = npos) const
2781	_GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2782	{
2783	__glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
2784	return this->find_last_not_of(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
2785	}
2786
2787	/**
2788	* @brief Find last position of a different character.
2789	* @param __c Character to avoid.
2790	* @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
2791	* @return Index of last occurrence.
2792	*
2793	* Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for a character other than
2794	* @a __c within this string. If found, returns the index where it was
2795	* found. If not found, returns npos.
2796	*/
2797	size_type
2798	find_last_not_of(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = npos) const
2799	_GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
2800
2801	/**
2802	* @brief Get a substring.
2803	* @param __pos Index of first character (default 0).
2804	* @param __n Number of characters in substring (default remainder).
2805	* @return The new string.
2806	* @throw std::out_of_range If __pos > size().
2807	*
2808	* Construct and return a new string using the @a __n
2809	* characters starting at @a __pos. If the string is too
2810	* short, use the remainder of the characters. If @a __pos is
2811	* beyond the end of the string, out_of_range is thrown.
2812	*/
2813	basic_string
2814	substr(size_type __pos = 0, size_type __n = npos) const
2815	{ return basic_string(*this,
2816	_M_check(__pos, "basic_string::substr"), __n); }
2817
2818	/**
2819	* @brief Compare to a string.
2820	* @param __str String to compare against.
2821	* @return Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
2822	*
2823	* Returns an integer < 0 if this string is ordered before @a
2824	* __str, 0 if their values are equivalent, or > 0 if this
2825	* string is ordered after @a __str. Determines the effective
2826	* length rlen of the strings to compare as the smallest of
2827	* size() and str.size(). The function then compares the two
2828	* strings by calling traits::compare(data(), str.data(),rlen).
2829	* If the result of the comparison is nonzero returns it,
2830	* otherwise the shorter one is ordered first.
2831	*/
2832	int
2833	compare(const basic_string& __str) const
2834	{
2835	const size_type __size = this->size();
2836	const size_type __osize = __str.size();
2837	const size_type __len = std::min(__size, __osize);
2838
2839	int __r = traits_type::compare(_M_data(), __str.data(), __len);
2840	if (!__r)
2841	__r = _S_compare(__size, __osize);
2842	return __r;
2843	}
2844
2845	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
2846	/**
2847	* @brief Compare to a string_view.
2848	* @param __svt An object convertible to string_view to compare against.
2849	* @return Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
2850	*/
2851	template<typename _Tp>
2852	_If_sv<_Tp, int>
2853	compare(const _Tp& __svt) const
2854	noexcept(is_same<_Tp, __sv_type>::value)
2855	{
2856	__sv_type __sv = __svt;
2857	const size_type __size = this->size();
2858	const size_type __osize = __sv.size();
2859	const size_type __len = std::min(__size, __osize);
2860
2861	int __r = traits_type::compare(_M_data(), __sv.data(), __len);
2862	if (!__r)
2863	__r = _S_compare(__size, __osize);
2864	return __r;
2865	}
2866
2867	/**
2868	* @brief Compare to a string_view.
2869	* @param __pos A position in the string to start comparing from.
2870	* @param __n The number of characters to compare.
2871	* @param __svt An object convertible to string_view to compare
2872	* against.
2873	* @return Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
2874	*/
2875	template<typename _Tp>
2876	_If_sv<_Tp, int>
2877	compare(size_type __pos, size_type __n, const _Tp& __svt) const
2878	noexcept(is_same<_Tp, __sv_type>::value)
2879	{
2880	__sv_type __sv = __svt;
2881	return __sv_type(*this).substr(__pos, __n).compare(__sv);
2882	}
2883
2884	/**
2885	* @brief Compare to a string_view.
2886	* @param __pos1 A position in the string to start comparing from.
2887	* @param __n1 The number of characters to compare.
2888	* @param __svt An object convertible to string_view to compare
2889	* against.
2890	* @param __pos2 A position in the string_view to start comparing from.
2891	* @param __n2 The number of characters to compare.
2892	* @return Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
2893	*/
2894	template<typename _Tp>
2895	_If_sv<_Tp, int>
2896	compare(size_type __pos1, size_type __n1, const _Tp& __svt,
2897	size_type __pos2, size_type __n2 = npos) const
2898	noexcept(is_same<_Tp, __sv_type>::value)
2899	{
2900	__sv_type __sv = __svt;
2901	return __sv_type(*this)
2902	.substr(__pos1, __n1).compare(__sv.substr(__pos2, __n2));
2903	}
2904	#endif // C++17
2905
2906	/**
2907	* @brief Compare substring to a string.
2908	* @param __pos Index of first character of substring.
2909	* @param __n Number of characters in substring.
2910	* @param __str String to compare against.
2911	* @return Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
2912	*
2913	* Form the substring of this string from the @a __n characters
2914	* starting at @a __pos. Returns an integer < 0 if the
2915	* substring is ordered before @a __str, 0 if their values are
2916	* equivalent, or > 0 if the substring is ordered after @a
2917	* __str. Determines the effective length rlen of the strings
2918	* to compare as the smallest of the length of the substring
2919	* and @a __str.size(). The function then compares the two
2920	* strings by calling
2921	* traits::compare(substring.data(),str.data(),rlen). If the
2922	* result of the comparison is nonzero returns it, otherwise
2923	* the shorter one is ordered first.
2924	*/
2925	int
2926	compare(size_type __pos, size_type __n, const basic_string& __str) const;
2927
2928	/**
2929	* @brief Compare substring to a substring.
2930	* @param __pos1 Index of first character of substring.
2931	* @param __n1 Number of characters in substring.
2932	* @param __str String to compare against.
2933	* @param __pos2 Index of first character of substring of str.
2934	* @param __n2 Number of characters in substring of str.
2935	* @return Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
2936	*
2937	* Form the substring of this string from the @a __n1
2938	* characters starting at @a __pos1. Form the substring of @a
2939	* __str from the @a __n2 characters starting at @a __pos2.
2940	* Returns an integer < 0 if this substring is ordered before
2941	* the substring of @a __str, 0 if their values are equivalent,
2942	* or > 0 if this substring is ordered after the substring of
2943	* @a __str. Determines the effective length rlen of the
2944	* strings to compare as the smallest of the lengths of the
2945	* substrings. The function then compares the two strings by
2946	* calling
2947	* traits::compare(substring.data(),str.substr(pos2,n2).data(),rlen).
2948	* If the result of the comparison is nonzero returns it,
2949	* otherwise the shorter one is ordered first.
2950	*/
2951	int
2952	compare(size_type __pos1, size_type __n1, const basic_string& __str,
2953	size_type __pos2, size_type __n2 = npos) const;
2954
2955	/**
2956	* @brief Compare to a C string.
2957	* @param __s C string to compare against.
2958	* @return Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
2959	*
2960	* Returns an integer < 0 if this string is ordered before @a __s, 0 if
2961	* their values are equivalent, or > 0 if this string is ordered after
2962	* @a __s. Determines the effective length rlen of the strings to
2963	* compare as the smallest of size() and the length of a string
2964	* constructed from @a __s. The function then compares the two strings
2965	* by calling traits::compare(data(),s,rlen). If the result of the
2966	* comparison is nonzero returns it, otherwise the shorter one is
2967	* ordered first.
2968	*/
2969	int
2970	compare(const _CharT* __s) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
2971
2972	// _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
2973	// 5 String::compare specification questionable
2974	/**
2975	* @brief Compare substring to a C string.
2976	* @param __pos Index of first character of substring.
2977	* @param __n1 Number of characters in substring.
2978	* @param __s C string to compare against.
2979	* @return Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
2980	*
2981	* Form the substring of this string from the @a __n1
2982	* characters starting at @a pos. Returns an integer < 0 if
2983	* the substring is ordered before @a __s, 0 if their values
2984	* are equivalent, or > 0 if the substring is ordered after @a
2985	* __s. Determines the effective length rlen of the strings to
2986	* compare as the smallest of the length of the substring and
2987	* the length of a string constructed from @a __s. The
2988	* function then compares the two string by calling
2989	* traits::compare(substring.data(),__s,rlen). If the result of
2990	* the comparison is nonzero returns it, otherwise the shorter
2991	* one is ordered first.
2992	*/
2993	int
2994	compare(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, const _CharT* __s) const;
2995
2996	/**
2997	* @brief Compare substring against a character %array.
2998	* @param __pos Index of first character of substring.
2999	* @param __n1 Number of characters in substring.
3000	* @param __s character %array to compare against.
3001	* @param __n2 Number of characters of s.
3002	* @return Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
3003	*
3004	* Form the substring of this string from the @a __n1
3005	* characters starting at @a __pos. Form a string from the
3006	* first @a __n2 characters of @a __s. Returns an integer < 0
3007	* if this substring is ordered before the string from @a __s,
3008	* 0 if their values are equivalent, or > 0 if this substring
3009	* is ordered after the string from @a __s. Determines the
3010	* effective length rlen of the strings to compare as the
3011	* smallest of the length of the substring and @a __n2. The
3012	* function then compares the two strings by calling
3013	* traits::compare(substring.data(),s,rlen). If the result of
3014	* the comparison is nonzero returns it, otherwise the shorter
3015	* one is ordered first.
3016	*
3017	* NB: s must have at least n2 characters, '\\0' has
3018	* no special meaning.
3019	*/
3020	int
3021	compare(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, const _CharT* __s,
3022	size_type __n2) const;
3023
3024	// Allow basic_stringbuf::__xfer_bufptrs to call _M_length:
3025	template<typename, typename, typename> friend class basic_stringbuf;
3026	};
3027	_GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_CXX11
3028	#else // !_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI
3029	// Reference-counted COW string implentation
3030
3031	/**
3032	* @class basic_string basic_string.h <string>
3033	* @brief Managing sequences of characters and character-like objects.
3034	*
3035	* @ingroup strings
3036	* @ingroup sequences
3037	*
3038	* @tparam _CharT Type of character
3039	* @tparam _Traits Traits for character type, defaults to
3040	* char_traits<_CharT>.
3041	* @tparam _Alloc Allocator type, defaults to allocator<_CharT>.
3042	*
3043	* Meets the requirements of a <a href="tables.html#65">container</a>, a
3044	* <a href="tables.html#66">reversible container</a>, and a
3045	* <a href="tables.html#67">sequence</a>. Of the
3046	* <a href="tables.html#68">optional sequence requirements</a>, only
3047	* @c push_back, @c at, and @c %array access are supported.
3048	*
3049	* @doctodo
3050	*
3051	*
3052	* Documentation? What's that?
3053	* Nathan Myers <ncm@cantrip.org>.
3054	*
3055	* A string looks like this:
3056	*
3057	* @code
3058	* [_Rep]
3059	* _M_length
3060	* [basic_string<char_type>] _M_capacity
3061	* _M_dataplus _M_refcount
3062	* _M_p ----------------> unnamed array of char_type
3063	* @endcode
3064	*
3065	* Where the _M_p points to the first character in the string, and
3066	* you cast it to a pointer-to-_Rep and subtract 1 to get a
3067	* pointer to the header.
3068	*
3069	* This approach has the enormous advantage that a string object
3070	* requires only one allocation. All the ugliness is confined
3071	* within a single %pair of inline functions, which each compile to
3072	* a single @a add instruction: _Rep::_M_data(), and
3073	* string::_M_rep(); and the allocation function which gets a
3074	* block of raw bytes and with room enough and constructs a _Rep
3075	* object at the front.
3076	*
3077	* The reason you want _M_data pointing to the character %array and
3078	* not the _Rep is so that the debugger can see the string
3079	* contents. (Probably we should add a non-inline member to get
3080	* the _Rep for the debugger to use, so users can check the actual
3081	* string length.)
3082	*
3083	* Note that the _Rep object is a POD so that you can have a
3084	* static <em>empty string</em> _Rep object already @a constructed before
3085	* static constructors have run. The reference-count encoding is
3086	* chosen so that a 0 indicates one reference, so you never try to
3087	* destroy the empty-string _Rep object.
3088	*
3089	* All but the last paragraph is considered pretty conventional
3090	* for a C++ string implementation.
3091	*/
3092	// 21.3 Template class basic_string
3093	template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
3094	class basic_string
3095	{
3096	typedef typename _Alloc::template rebind<_CharT>::other _CharT_alloc_type;
3097
3098	// Types:
3099	public:
3100	typedef _Traits traits_type;
3101	typedef typename _Traits::char_type value_type;
3102	typedef _Alloc allocator_type;
3103	typedef typename _CharT_alloc_type::size_type size_type;
3104	typedef typename _CharT_alloc_type::difference_type difference_type;
3105	typedef typename _CharT_alloc_type::reference reference;
3106	typedef typename _CharT_alloc_type::const_reference const_reference;
3107	typedef typename _CharT_alloc_type::pointer pointer;
3108	typedef typename _CharT_alloc_type::const_pointer const_pointer;
3109	typedef __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<pointer, basic_string> iterator;
3110	typedef __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<const_pointer, basic_string>
3111	const_iterator;
3112	typedef std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator> const_reverse_iterator;
3113	typedef std::reverse_iterator<iterator> reverse_iterator;
3114
3115	private:
3116	// _Rep: string representation
3117	// Invariants:
3118	// 1. String really contains _M_length + 1 characters: due to 21.3.4
3119	// must be kept null-terminated.
3120	// 2. _M_capacity >= _M_length
3121	// Allocated memory is always (_M_capacity + 1) * sizeof(_CharT).
3122	// 3. _M_refcount has three states:
3123	// -1: leaked, one reference, no ref-copies allowed, non-const.
3124	// 0: one reference, non-const.
3125	// n>0: n + 1 references, operations require a lock, const.
3126	// 4. All fields==0 is an empty string, given the extra storage
3127	// beyond-the-end for a null terminator; thus, the shared
3128	// empty string representation needs no constructor.
3129
3130	struct _Rep_base
3131	{
3132	size_type _M_length;
3133	size_type _M_capacity;
3134	_Atomic_word _M_refcount;
3135	};
3136
3137	struct _Rep : _Rep_base
3138	{
3139	// Types:
3140	typedef typename _Alloc::template rebind<char>::other _Raw_bytes_alloc;
3141
3142	// (Public) Data members:
3143
3144	// The maximum number of individual char_type elements of an
3145	// individual string is determined by _S_max_size. This is the
3146	// value that will be returned by max_size(). (Whereas npos
3147	// is the maximum number of bytes the allocator can allocate.)
3148	// If one was to divvy up the theoretical largest size string,
3149	// with a terminating character and m _CharT elements, it'd
3150	// look like this:
3151	// npos = sizeof(_Rep) + (m * sizeof(_CharT)) + sizeof(_CharT)
3152	// Solving for m:
3153	// m = ((npos - sizeof(_Rep))/sizeof(CharT)) - 1
3154	// In addition, this implementation quarters this amount.
3155	static const size_type _S_max_size;
3156	static const _CharT _S_terminal;
3157
3158	// The following storage is init'd to 0 by the linker, resulting
3159	// (carefully) in an empty string with one reference.
3160	static size_type _S_empty_rep_storage[];
3161
3162	static _Rep&
3163	_S_empty_rep() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3164	{
3165	// NB: Mild hack to avoid strict-aliasing warnings. Note that
3166	// _S_empty_rep_storage is never modified and the punning should
3167	// be reasonably safe in this case.
3168	void* __p = reinterpret_cast<void*>(&_S_empty_rep_storage);
3169	return reinterpret_cast<_Rep>(__p);
3170	}
3171
3172	bool
3173	_M_is_leaked() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3174	{
3175	#if defined(__GTHREADS)
3176	// _M_refcount is mutated concurrently by _M_refcopy/_M_dispose,
3177	// so we need to use an atomic load. However, _M_is_leaked
3178	// predicate does not change concurrently (i.e. the string is either
3179	// leaked or not), so a relaxed load is enough.
3180	return __atomic_load_n(&this->_M_refcount, __ATOMIC_RELAXED) < 0;
3181	#else
3182	return this->_M_refcount < 0;
3183	#endif
3184	}
3185
3186	bool
3187	_M_is_shared() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3188	{
3189	#if defined(__GTHREADS)
3190	// _M_refcount is mutated concurrently by _M_refcopy/_M_dispose,
3191	// so we need to use an atomic load. Another thread can drop last
3192	// but one reference concurrently with this check, so we need this
3193	// load to be acquire to synchronize with release fetch_and_add in
3194	// _M_dispose.
3195	return __atomic_load_n(&this->_M_refcount, __ATOMIC_ACQUIRE) > 0;
3196	#else
3197	return this->_M_refcount > 0;
3198	#endif
3199	}
3200
3201	void
3202	_M_set_leaked() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3203	{ this->_M_refcount = -1; }
3204
3205	void
3206	_M_set_sharable() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3207	{ this->_M_refcount = 0; }
3208
3209	void
3210	_M_set_length_and_sharable(size_type __n) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3211	{
3212	#if _GLIBCXX_FULLY_DYNAMIC_STRING == 0
3213	if (__builtin_expect(this != &_S_empty_rep(), false))
3214	#endif
3215	{
3216	this->_M_set_sharable(); // One reference.
3217	this->_M_length = __n;
3218	traits_type::assign(this->_M_refdata()[__n], _S_terminal);
3219	// grrr. (per 21.3.4)
3220	// You cannot leave those LWG people alone for a second.
3221	}
3222	}
3223
3224	_CharT*
3225	_M_refdata() throw()
3226	{ return reinterpret_cast<_CharT*>(this + 1); }
3227
3228	_CharT*
3229	_M_grab(const _Alloc& __alloc1, const _Alloc& __alloc2)
3230	{
3231	return (!_M_is_leaked() && __alloc1 == __alloc2)
3232	? _M_refcopy() : _M_clone(__alloc1);
3233	}
3234
3235	// Create & Destroy
3236	static _Rep*
3237	_S_create(size_type, size_type, const _Alloc&);
3238
3239	void
3240	_M_dispose(const _Alloc& __a) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3241	{
3242	#if _GLIBCXX_FULLY_DYNAMIC_STRING == 0
3243	if (__builtin_expect(this != &_S_empty_rep(), false))
3244	#endif
3245	{
3246	// Be race-detector-friendly. For more info see bits/c++config.
3247	_GLIBCXX_SYNCHRONIZATION_HAPPENS_BEFORE(&this->_M_refcount);
3248	// Decrement of _M_refcount is acq_rel, because:
3249	// - all but last decrements need to release to synchronize with
3250	// the last decrement that will delete the object.
3251	// - the last decrement needs to acquire to synchronize with
3252	// all the previous decrements.
3253	// - last but one decrement needs to release to synchronize with
3254	// the acquire load in _M_is_shared that will conclude that
3255	// the object is not shared anymore.
3256	if (__gnu_cxx::__exchange_and_add_dispatch(&this->_M_refcount,
3257	-1) <= 0)
3258	{
3259	_GLIBCXX_SYNCHRONIZATION_HAPPENS_AFTER(&this->_M_refcount);
3260	_M_destroy(__a);
3261	}
3262	}
3263	} // XXX MT
3264
3265	void
3266	_M_destroy(const _Alloc&) throw();
3267
3268	_CharT*
3269	_M_refcopy() throw()
3270	{
3271	#if _GLIBCXX_FULLY_DYNAMIC_STRING == 0
3272	if (__builtin_expect(this != &_S_empty_rep(), false))
3273	#endif
3274	__gnu_cxx::__atomic_add_dispatch(&this->_M_refcount, 1);
3275	return _M_refdata();
3276	} // XXX MT
3277
3278	_CharT*
3279	_M_clone(const _Alloc&, size_type __res = 0);
3280	};
3281
3282	// Use empty-base optimization: http://www.cantrip.org/emptyopt.html
3283	struct _Alloc_hider : _Alloc
3284	{
3285	_Alloc_hider(_CharT* __dat, const _Alloc& __a) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3286	: _Alloc(__a), _M_p(__dat) { }
3287
3288	_CharT* _M_p; // The actual data.
3289	};
3290
3291	public:
3292	// Data Members (public):
3293	// NB: This is an unsigned type, and thus represents the maximum
3294	// size that the allocator can hold.
3295	/// Value returned by various member functions when they fail.
3296	static const size_type npos = static_cast<size_type>(-1);
3297
3298	private:
3299	// Data Members (private):
3300	mutable _Alloc_hider _M_dataplus;
3301
3302	_CharT*
3303	_M_data() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3304	{ return _M_dataplus._M_p; }
3305
3306	_CharT*
3307	_M_data(_CharT* __p) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3308	{ return (_M_dataplus._M_p = __p); }
3309
3310	_Rep*
3311	_M_rep() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3312	{ return &((reinterpret_cast<_Rep*> (_M_data()))[-1]); }
3313
3314	// For the internal use we have functions similar to `begin'/`end'
3315	// but they do not call _M_leak.
3316	iterator
3317	_M_ibegin() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3318	{ return iterator(_M_data()); }
3319
3320	iterator
3321	_M_iend() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3322	{ return iterator(_M_data() + this->size()); }
3323
3324	void
3325	_M_leak() // for use in begin() & non-const op[]
3326	{
3327	if (!_M_rep()->_M_is_leaked())
3328	_M_leak_hard();
3329	}
3330
3331	size_type
3332	_M_check(size_type __pos, const char* __s) const
3333	{
3334	if (__pos > this->size())
3335	__throw_out_of_range_fmt(__N("%s: __pos (which is %zu) > "
3336	"this->size() (which is %zu)"),
3337	__s, __pos, this->size());
3338	return __pos;
3339	}
3340
3341	void
3342	_M_check_length(size_type __n1, size_type __n2, const char* __s) const
3343	{
3344	if (this->max_size() - (this->size() - __n1) < __n2)
3345	__throw_length_error(__N(__s));
3346	}
3347
3348	// NB: _M_limit doesn't check for a bad __pos value.
3349	size_type
3350	_M_limit(size_type __pos, size_type __off) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3351	{
3352	const bool __testoff = __off < this->size() - __pos;
3353	return __testoff ? __off : this->size() - __pos;
3354	}
3355
3356	// True if _Rep and source do not overlap.
3357	bool
3358	_M_disjunct(const _CharT* __s) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3359	{
3360	return (less<const _CharT*>()(__s, _M_data())
3361	\|\| less<const _CharT*>()(_M_data() + this->size(), __s));
3362	}
3363
3364	// When __n = 1 way faster than the general multichar
3365	// traits_type::copy/move/assign.
3366	static void
3367	_M_copy(_CharT* __d, const _CharT* __s, size_type __n) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3368	{
3369	if (__n == 1)
3370	traits_type::assign(__d, __s);
3371	else
3372	traits_type::copy(__d, __s, __n);
3373	}
3374
3375	static void
3376	_M_move(_CharT* __d, const _CharT* __s, size_type __n) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3377	{
3378	if (__n == 1)
3379	traits_type::assign(__d, __s);
3380	else
3381	traits_type::move(__d, __s, __n);
3382	}
3383
3384	static void
3385	_M_assign(_CharT* __d, size_type __n, _CharT __c) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3386	{
3387	if (__n == 1)
3388	traits_type::assign(*__d, __c);
3389	else
3390	traits_type::assign(__d, __n, __c);
3391	}
3392
3393	// _S_copy_chars is a separate template to permit specialization
3394	// to optimize for the common case of pointers as iterators.
3395	template<class _Iterator>
3396	static void
3397	_S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, _Iterator __k1, _Iterator __k2)
3398	{
3399	for (; __k1 != __k2; ++__k1, (void)++__p)
3400	traits_type::assign(__p, __k1); // These types are off.
3401	}
3402
3403	static void
3404	_S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, iterator __k1, iterator __k2) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3405	{ _S_copy_chars(__p, __k1.base(), __k2.base()); }
3406
3407	static void
3408	_S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, const_iterator __k1, const_iterator __k2)
3409	_GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3410	{ _S_copy_chars(__p, __k1.base(), __k2.base()); }
3411
3412	static void
3413	_S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, _CharT* __k1, _CharT* __k2) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3414	{ _M_copy(__p, __k1, __k2 - __k1); }
3415
3416	static void
3417	_S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, const _CharT* __k1, const _CharT* __k2)
3418	_GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3419	{ _M_copy(__p, __k1, __k2 - __k1); }
3420
3421	static int
3422	_S_compare(size_type __n1, size_type __n2) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3423	{
3424	const difference_type __d = difference_type(__n1 - __n2);
3425
3426	if (__d > __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<int>::__max)
3427	return __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<int>::__max;
3428	else if (__d < __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<int>::__min)
3429	return __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<int>::__min;
3430	else
3431	return int(__d);
3432	}
3433
3434	void
3435	_M_mutate(size_type __pos, size_type __len1, size_type __len2);
3436
3437	void
3438	_M_leak_hard();
3439
3440	static _Rep&
3441	_S_empty_rep() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3442	{ return _Rep::_S_empty_rep(); }
3443
3444	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
3445	// A helper type for avoiding boiler-plate.
3446	typedef basic_string_view<_CharT, _Traits> __sv_type;
3447
3448	template<typename _Tp, typename _Res>
3449	using _If_sv = enable_if_t<
3450	__and_<is_convertible<const _Tp&, __sv_type>,
3451	__not_<is_convertible<const _Tp, const basic_string>>,
3452	__not_<is_convertible<const _Tp&, const _CharT*>>>::value,
3453	_Res>;
3454
3455	// Allows an implicit conversion to __sv_type.
3456	static __sv_type
3457	_S_to_string_view(__sv_type __svt) noexcept
3458	{ return __svt; }
3459
3460	// Wraps a string_view by explicit conversion and thus
3461	// allows to add an internal constructor that does not
3462	// participate in overload resolution when a string_view
3463	// is provided.
3464	struct __sv_wrapper
3465	{
3466	explicit __sv_wrapper(__sv_type __sv) noexcept : _M_sv(__sv) { }
3467	__sv_type _M_sv;
3468	};
3469	#endif
3470
3471	public:
3472	// Construct/copy/destroy:
3473	// NB: We overload ctors in some cases instead of using default
3474	// arguments, per 17.4.4.4 para. 2 item 2.
3475
3476	/**
3477	* @brief Default constructor creates an empty string.
3478	*/
3479	basic_string()
3480	#if _GLIBCXX_FULLY_DYNAMIC_STRING == 0
3481	: _M_dataplus(_S_empty_rep()._M_refdata(), _Alloc()) { }
3482	#else
3483	: _M_dataplus(_S_construct(size_type(), _CharT(), _Alloc()), _Alloc()){ }
3484	#endif
3485
3486	/**
3487	* @brief Construct an empty string using allocator @a a.
3488	*/
3489	explicit
3490	basic_string(const _Alloc& __a);
3491
3492	// NB: per LWG issue 42, semantics different from IS:
3493	/**
3494	* @brief Construct string with copy of value of @a str.
3495	* @param __str Source string.
3496	*/
3497	basic_string(const basic_string& __str);
3498
3499	// _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
3500	// 2583. no way to supply an allocator for basic_string(str, pos)
3501	/**
3502	* @brief Construct string as copy of a substring.
3503	* @param __str Source string.
3504	* @param __pos Index of first character to copy from.
3505	* @param __a Allocator to use.
3506	*/
3507	basic_string(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos,
3508	const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc());
3509
3510	/**
3511	* @brief Construct string as copy of a substring.
3512	* @param __str Source string.
3513	* @param __pos Index of first character to copy from.
3514	* @param __n Number of characters to copy.
3515	*/
3516	basic_string(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos,
3517	size_type __n);
3518	/**
3519	* @brief Construct string as copy of a substring.
3520	* @param __str Source string.
3521	* @param __pos Index of first character to copy from.
3522	* @param __n Number of characters to copy.
3523	* @param __a Allocator to use.
3524	*/
3525	basic_string(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos,
3526	size_type __n, const _Alloc& __a);
3527
3528	/**
3529	* @brief Construct string initialized by a character %array.
3530	* @param __s Source character %array.
3531	* @param __n Number of characters to copy.
3532	* @param __a Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
3533	*
3534	* NB: @a __s must have at least @a __n characters, '\\0'
3535	* has no special meaning.
3536	*/
3537	basic_string(const _CharT* __s, size_type __n,
3538	const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc());
3539	/**
3540	* @brief Construct string as copy of a C string.
3541	* @param __s Source C string.
3542	* @param __a Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
3543	*/
3544	basic_string(const _CharT* __s, const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc());
3545	/**
3546	* @brief Construct string as multiple characters.
3547	* @param __n Number of characters.
3548	* @param __c Character to use.
3549	* @param __a Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
3550	*/
3551	basic_string(size_type __n, _CharT __c, const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc());
3552
3553	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
3554	/**
3555	* @brief Move construct string.
3556	* @param __str Source string.
3557	*
3558	* The newly-created string contains the exact contents of @a __str.
3559	* @a __str is a valid, but unspecified string.
3560	**/
3561	basic_string(basic_string&& __str)
3562	#if _GLIBCXX_FULLY_DYNAMIC_STRING == 0
3563	noexcept // FIXME C++11: should always be noexcept.
3564	#endif
3565	: _M_dataplus(__str._M_dataplus)
3566	{
3567	#if _GLIBCXX_FULLY_DYNAMIC_STRING == 0
3568	__str._M_data(_S_empty_rep()._M_refdata());
3569	#else
3570	__str._M_data(_S_construct(size_type(), _CharT(), get_allocator()));
3571	#endif
3572	}
3573
3574	/**
3575	* @brief Construct string from an initializer %list.
3576	* @param __l std::initializer_list of characters.
3577	* @param __a Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
3578	*/
3579	basic_string(initializer_list<_CharT> __l, const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc());
3580	#endif // C++11
3581
3582	/**
3583	* @brief Construct string as copy of a range.
3584	* @param __beg Start of range.
3585	* @param __end End of range.
3586	* @param __a Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
3587	*/
3588	template<class _InputIterator>
3589	basic_string(_InputIterator __beg, _InputIterator __end,
3590	const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc());
3591
3592	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
3593	/**
3594	* @brief Construct string from a substring of a string_view.
3595	* @param __t Source object convertible to string view.
3596	* @param __pos The index of the first character to copy from __t.
3597	* @param __n The number of characters to copy from __t.
3598	* @param __a Allocator to use.
3599	*/
3600	template<typename _Tp, typename = _If_sv<_Tp, void>>
3601	basic_string(const _Tp& __t, size_type __pos, size_type __n,
3602	const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc())
3603	: basic_string(_S_to_string_view(__t).substr(__pos, __n), __a) { }
3604
3605	/**
3606	* @brief Construct string from a string_view.
3607	* @param __t Source object convertible to string view.
3608	* @param __a Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
3609	*/
3610	template<typename _Tp, typename = _If_sv<_Tp, void>>
3611	explicit
3612	basic_string(const _Tp& __t, const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc())
3613	: basic_string(__sv_wrapper(_S_to_string_view(__t)), __a) { }
3614
3615	/**
3616	* @brief Only internally used: Construct string from a string view
3617	* wrapper.
3618	* @param __svw string view wrapper.
3619	* @param __a Allocator to use.
3620	*/
3621	explicit
3622	basic_string(__sv_wrapper __svw, const _Alloc& __a)
3623	: basic_string(__svw._M_sv.data(), __svw._M_sv.size(), __a) { }
3624	#endif // C++17
3625
3626	/**
3627	* @brief Destroy the string instance.
3628	*/
3629	~basic_string() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3630	{ _M_rep()->_M_dispose(this->get_allocator()); }
3631
3632	/**
3633	* @brief Assign the value of @a str to this string.
3634	* @param __str Source string.
3635	*/
3636	basic_string&
3637	operator=(const basic_string& __str)
3638	{ return this->assign(__str); }
3639
3640	/**
3641	* @brief Copy contents of @a s into this string.
3642	* @param __s Source null-terminated string.
3643	*/
3644	basic_string&
3645	operator=(const _CharT* __s)
3646	{ return this->assign(__s); }
3647
3648	/**
3649	* @brief Set value to string of length 1.
3650	* @param __c Source character.
3651	*
3652	* Assigning to a character makes this string length 1 and
3653	* (*this)[0] == @a c.
3654	*/
3655	basic_string&
3656	operator=(_CharT __c)
3657	{
3658	this->assign(1, __c);
3659	return *this;
3660	}
3661
3662	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
3663	/**
3664	* @brief Move assign the value of @a str to this string.
3665	* @param __str Source string.
3666	*
3667	* The contents of @a str are moved into this string (without copying).
3668	* @a str is a valid, but unspecified string.
3669	**/
3670	// PR 58265, this should be noexcept.
3671	basic_string&
3672	operator=(basic_string&& __str)
3673	{
3674	// NB: DR 1204.
3675	this->swap(__str);
3676	return *this;
3677	}
3678
3679	/**
3680	* @brief Set value to string constructed from initializer %list.
3681	* @param __l std::initializer_list.
3682	*/
3683	basic_string&
3684	operator=(initializer_list<_CharT> __l)
3685	{
3686	this->assign(__l.begin(), __l.size());
3687	return *this;
3688	}
3689	#endif // C++11
3690
3691	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
3692	/**
3693	* @brief Set value to string constructed from a string_view.
3694	* @param __svt An object convertible to string_view.
3695	*/
3696	template<typename _Tp>
3697	_If_sv<_Tp, basic_string&>
3698	operator=(const _Tp& __svt)
3699	{ return this->assign(__svt); }
3700
3701	/**
3702	* @brief Convert to a string_view.
3703	* @return A string_view.
3704	*/
3705	operator __sv_type() const noexcept
3706	{ return __sv_type(data(), size()); }
3707	#endif // C++17
3708
3709	// Iterators:
3710	/**
3711	* Returns a read/write iterator that points to the first character in
3712	* the %string. Unshares the string.
3713	*/
3714	iterator
3715	begin() // FIXME C++11: should be noexcept.
3716	{
3717	_M_leak();
3718	return iterator(_M_data());
3719	}
3720
3721	/**
3722	* Returns a read-only (constant) iterator that points to the first
3723	* character in the %string.
3724	*/
3725	const_iterator
3726	begin() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3727	{ return const_iterator(_M_data()); }
3728
3729	/**
3730	* Returns a read/write iterator that points one past the last
3731	* character in the %string. Unshares the string.
3732	*/
3733	iterator
3734	end() // FIXME C++11: should be noexcept.
3735	{
3736	_M_leak();
3737	return iterator(_M_data() + this->size());
3738	}
3739
3740	/**
3741	* Returns a read-only (constant) iterator that points one past the
3742	* last character in the %string.
3743	*/
3744	const_iterator
3745	end() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3746	{ return const_iterator(_M_data() + this->size()); }
3747
3748	/**
3749	* Returns a read/write reverse iterator that points to the last
3750	* character in the %string. Iteration is done in reverse element
3751	* order. Unshares the string.
3752	*/
3753	reverse_iterator
3754	rbegin() // FIXME C++11: should be noexcept.
3755	{ return reverse_iterator(this->end()); }
3756
3757	/**
3758	* Returns a read-only (constant) reverse iterator that points
3759	* to the last character in the %string. Iteration is done in
3760	* reverse element order.
3761	*/
3762	const_reverse_iterator
3763	rbegin() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3764	{ return const_reverse_iterator(this->end()); }
3765
3766	/**
3767	* Returns a read/write reverse iterator that points to one before the
3768	* first character in the %string. Iteration is done in reverse
3769	* element order. Unshares the string.
3770	*/
3771	reverse_iterator
3772	rend() // FIXME C++11: should be noexcept.
3773	{ return reverse_iterator(this->begin()); }
3774
3775	/**
3776	* Returns a read-only (constant) reverse iterator that points
3777	* to one before the first character in the %string. Iteration
3778	* is done in reverse element order.
3779	*/
3780	const_reverse_iterator
3781	rend() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3782	{ return const_reverse_iterator(this->begin()); }
3783
3784	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
3785	/**
3786	* Returns a read-only (constant) iterator that points to the first
3787	* character in the %string.
3788	*/
3789	const_iterator
3790	cbegin() const noexcept
3791	{ return const_iterator(this->_M_data()); }
3792
3793	/**
3794	* Returns a read-only (constant) iterator that points one past the
3795	* last character in the %string.
3796	*/
3797	const_iterator
3798	cend() const noexcept
3799	{ return const_iterator(this->_M_data() + this->size()); }
3800
3801	/**
3802	* Returns a read-only (constant) reverse iterator that points
3803	* to the last character in the %string. Iteration is done in
3804	* reverse element order.
3805	*/
3806	const_reverse_iterator
3807	crbegin() const noexcept
3808	{ return const_reverse_iterator(this->end()); }
3809
3810	/**
3811	* Returns a read-only (constant) reverse iterator that points
3812	* to one before the first character in the %string. Iteration
3813	* is done in reverse element order.
3814	*/
3815	const_reverse_iterator
3816	crend() const noexcept
3817	{ return const_reverse_iterator(this->begin()); }
3818	#endif
3819
3820	public:
3821	// Capacity:
3822	/// Returns the number of characters in the string, not including any
3823	/// null-termination.
3824	size_type
3825	size() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3826	{ return _M_rep()->_M_length; }
3827
3828	/// Returns the number of characters in the string, not including any
3829	/// null-termination.
3830	size_type
3831	length() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3832	{ return _M_rep()->_M_length; }
3833
3834	/// Returns the size() of the largest possible %string.
3835	size_type
3836	max_size() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3837	{ return _Rep::_S_max_size; }
3838
3839	/**
3840	* @brief Resizes the %string to the specified number of characters.
3841	* @param __n Number of characters the %string should contain.
3842	* @param __c Character to fill any new elements.
3843	*
3844	* This function will %resize the %string to the specified
3845	* number of characters. If the number is smaller than the
3846	* %string's current size the %string is truncated, otherwise
3847	* the %string is extended and new elements are %set to @a __c.
3848	*/
3849	void
3850	resize(size_type __n, _CharT __c);
3851
3852	/**
3853	* @brief Resizes the %string to the specified number of characters.
3854	* @param __n Number of characters the %string should contain.
3855	*
3856	* This function will resize the %string to the specified length. If
3857	* the new size is smaller than the %string's current size the %string
3858	* is truncated, otherwise the %string is extended and new characters
3859	* are default-constructed. For basic types such as char, this means
3860	* setting them to 0.
3861	*/
3862	void
3863	resize(size_type __n)
3864	{ this->resize(__n, _CharT()); }
3865
3866	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
3867	/// A non-binding request to reduce capacity() to size().
3868	void
3869	shrink_to_fit() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3870	{
3871	#if __cpp_exceptions
3872	if (capacity() > size())
3873	{
3874	try
3875	{ reserve(0); }
3876	catch(...)
3877	{ }
3878	}
3879	#endif
3880	}
3881	#endif
3882
3883	/**
3884	* Returns the total number of characters that the %string can hold
3885	* before needing to allocate more memory.
3886	*/
3887	size_type
3888	capacity() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3889	{ return _M_rep()->_M_capacity; }
3890
3891	/**
3892	* @brief Attempt to preallocate enough memory for specified number of
3893	* characters.
3894	* @param __res_arg Number of characters required.
3895	* @throw std::length_error If @a __res_arg exceeds @c max_size().
3896	*
3897	* This function attempts to reserve enough memory for the
3898	* %string to hold the specified number of characters. If the
3899	* number requested is more than max_size(), length_error is
3900	* thrown.
3901	*
3902	* The advantage of this function is that if optimal code is a
3903	* necessity and the user can determine the string length that will be
3904	* required, the user can reserve the memory in %advance, and thus
3905	* prevent a possible reallocation of memory and copying of %string
3906	* data.
3907	*/
3908	void
3909	reserve(size_type __res_arg = 0);
3910
3911	/**
3912	* Erases the string, making it empty.
3913	*/
3914	#if _GLIBCXX_FULLY_DYNAMIC_STRING == 0
3915	void
3916	clear() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3917	{
3918	if (_M_rep()->_M_is_shared())
3919	{
3920	_M_rep()->_M_dispose(this->get_allocator());
3921	_M_data(_S_empty_rep()._M_refdata());
3922	}
3923	else
3924	_M_rep()->_M_set_length_and_sharable(0);
3925	}
3926	#else
3927	// PR 56166: this should not throw.
3928	void
3929	clear()
3930	{ _M_mutate(0, this->size(), 0); }
3931	#endif
3932
3933	/**
3934	* Returns true if the %string is empty. Equivalent to
3935	* <code>*this == ""</code>.
3936	*/
3937	bool
3938	empty() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3939	{ return this->size() == 0; }
3940
3941	// Element access:
3942	/**
3943	* @brief Subscript access to the data contained in the %string.
3944	* @param __pos The index of the character to access.
3945	* @return Read-only (constant) reference to the character.
3946	*
3947	* This operator allows for easy, array-style, data access.
3948	* Note that data access with this operator is unchecked and
3949	* out_of_range lookups are not defined. (For checked lookups
3950	* see at().)
3951	*/
3952	const_reference
3953	operator[] (size_type __pos) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3954	{
3955	__glibcxx_assert(__pos <= size());
3956	return _M_data()[__pos];
3957	}
3958
3959	/**
3960	* @brief Subscript access to the data contained in the %string.
3961	* @param __pos The index of the character to access.
3962	* @return Read/write reference to the character.
3963	*
3964	* This operator allows for easy, array-style, data access.
3965	* Note that data access with this operator is unchecked and
3966	* out_of_range lookups are not defined. (For checked lookups
3967	* see at().) Unshares the string.
3968	*/
3969	reference
3970	operator[](size_type __pos)
3971	{
3972	// Allow pos == size() both in C++98 mode, as v3 extension,
3973	// and in C++11 mode.
3974	__glibcxx_assert(__pos <= size());
3975	// In pedantic mode be strict in C++98 mode.
3976	_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__cplusplus >= 201103L \|\| __pos < size());
3977	_M_leak();
3978	return _M_data()[__pos];
3979	}
3980
3981	/**
3982	* @brief Provides access to the data contained in the %string.
3983	* @param __n The index of the character to access.
3984	* @return Read-only (const) reference to the character.
3985	* @throw std::out_of_range If @a n is an invalid index.
3986	*
3987	* This function provides for safer data access. The parameter is
3988	* first checked that it is in the range of the string. The function
3989	* throws out_of_range if the check fails.
3990	*/
3991	const_reference
3992	at(size_type __n) const
3993	{
3994	if (__n >= this->size())
3995	__throw_out_of_range_fmt(__N("basic_string::at: __n "
3996	"(which is %zu) >= this->size() "
3997	"(which is %zu)"),
3998	__n, this->size());
3999	return _M_data()[__n];
4000	}
4001
4002	/**
4003	* @brief Provides access to the data contained in the %string.
4004	* @param __n The index of the character to access.
4005	* @return Read/write reference to the character.
4006	* @throw std::out_of_range If @a n is an invalid index.
4007	*
4008	* This function provides for safer data access. The parameter is
4009	* first checked that it is in the range of the string. The function
4010	* throws out_of_range if the check fails. Success results in
4011	* unsharing the string.
4012	*/
4013	reference
4014	at(size_type __n)
4015	{
4016	if (__n >= size())
4017	__throw_out_of_range_fmt(__N("basic_string::at: __n "
4018	"(which is %zu) >= this->size() "
4019	"(which is %zu)"),
4020	__n, this->size());
4021	_M_leak();
4022	return _M_data()[__n];
4023	}
4024
4025	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
4026	/**
4027	* Returns a read/write reference to the data at the first
4028	* element of the %string.
4029	*/
4030	reference
4031	front()
4032	{
4033	__glibcxx_assert(!empty());
4034	return operator[](0);
4035	}
4036
4037	/**
4038	* Returns a read-only (constant) reference to the data at the first
4039	* element of the %string.
4040	*/
4041	const_reference
4042	front() const noexcept
4043	{
4044	__glibcxx_assert(!empty());
4045	return operator[](0);
4046	}
4047
4048	/**
4049	* Returns a read/write reference to the data at the last
4050	* element of the %string.
4051	*/
4052	reference
4053	back()
4054	{
4055	__glibcxx_assert(!empty());
4056	return operator[](this->size() - 1);
4057	}
4058
4059	/**
4060	* Returns a read-only (constant) reference to the data at the
4061	* last element of the %string.
4062	*/
4063	const_reference
4064	back() const noexcept
4065	{
4066	__glibcxx_assert(!empty());
4067	return operator[](this->size() - 1);
4068	}
4069	#endif
4070
4071	// Modifiers:
4072	/**
4073	* @brief Append a string to this string.
4074	* @param __str The string to append.
4075	* @return Reference to this string.
4076	*/
4077	basic_string&
4078	operator+=(const basic_string& __str)
4079	{ return this->append(__str); }
4080
4081	/**
4082	* @brief Append a C string.
4083	* @param __s The C string to append.
4084	* @return Reference to this string.
4085	*/
4086	basic_string&
4087	operator+=(const _CharT* __s)
4088	{ return this->append(__s); }
4089
4090	/**
4091	* @brief Append a character.
4092	* @param __c The character to append.
4093	* @return Reference to this string.
4094	*/
4095	basic_string&
4096	operator+=(_CharT __c)
4097	{
4098	this->push_back(__c);
4099	return *this;
4100	}
4101
4102	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
4103	/**
4104	* @brief Append an initializer_list of characters.
4105	* @param __l The initializer_list of characters to be appended.
4106	* @return Reference to this string.
4107	*/
4108	basic_string&
4109	operator+=(initializer_list<_CharT> __l)
4110	{ return this->append(__l.begin(), __l.size()); }
4111	#endif // C++11
4112
4113	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
4114	/**
4115	* @brief Append a string_view.
4116	* @param __svt The object convertible to string_view to be appended.
4117	* @return Reference to this string.
4118	*/
4119	template<typename _Tp>
4120	_If_sv<_Tp, basic_string&>
4121	operator+=(const _Tp& __svt)
4122	{ return this->append(__svt); }
4123	#endif // C++17
4124
4125	/**
4126	* @brief Append a string to this string.
4127	* @param __str The string to append.
4128	* @return Reference to this string.
4129	*/
4130	basic_string&
4131	append(const basic_string& __str);
4132
4133	/**
4134	* @brief Append a substring.
4135	* @param __str The string to append.
4136	* @param __pos Index of the first character of str to append.
4137	* @param __n The number of characters to append.
4138	* @return Reference to this string.
4139	* @throw std::out_of_range if @a __pos is not a valid index.
4140	*
4141	* This function appends @a __n characters from @a __str
4142	* starting at @a __pos to this string. If @a __n is is larger
4143	* than the number of available characters in @a __str, the
4144	* remainder of @a __str is appended.
4145	*/
4146	basic_string&
4147	append(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos, size_type __n = npos);
4148
4149	/**
4150	* @brief Append a C substring.
4151	* @param __s The C string to append.
4152	* @param __n The number of characters to append.
4153	* @return Reference to this string.
4154	*/
4155	basic_string&
4156	append(const _CharT* __s, size_type __n);
4157
4158	/**
4159	* @brief Append a C string.
4160	* @param __s The C string to append.
4161	* @return Reference to this string.
4162	*/
4163	basic_string&
4164	append(const _CharT* __s)
4165	{
4166	__glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
4167	return this->append(__s, traits_type::length(__s));
4168	}
4169
4170	/**
4171	* @brief Append multiple characters.
4172	* @param __n The number of characters to append.
4173	* @param __c The character to use.
4174	* @return Reference to this string.
4175	*
4176	* Appends __n copies of __c to this string.
4177	*/
4178	basic_string&
4179	append(size_type __n, _CharT __c);
4180
4181	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
4182	/**
4183	* @brief Append an initializer_list of characters.
4184	* @param __l The initializer_list of characters to append.
4185	* @return Reference to this string.
4186	*/
4187	basic_string&
4188	append(initializer_list<_CharT> __l)
4189	{ return this->append(__l.begin(), __l.size()); }
4190	#endif // C++11
4191
4192	/**
4193	* @brief Append a range of characters.
4194	* @param __first Iterator referencing the first character to append.
4195	* @param __last Iterator marking the end of the range.
4196	* @return Reference to this string.
4197	*
4198	* Appends characters in the range [__first,__last) to this string.
4199	*/
4200	template<class _InputIterator>
4201	basic_string&
4202	append(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last)
4203	{ return this->replace(_M_iend(), _M_iend(), __first, __last); }
4204
4205	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
4206	/**
4207	* @brief Append a string_view.
4208	* @param __svt The object convertible to string_view to be appended.
4209	* @return Reference to this string.
4210	*/
4211	template<typename _Tp>
4212	_If_sv<_Tp, basic_string&>
4213	append(const _Tp& __svt)
4214	{
4215	__sv_type __sv = __svt;
4216	return this->append(__sv.data(), __sv.size());
4217	}
4218
4219	/**
4220	* @brief Append a range of characters from a string_view.
4221	* @param __svt The object convertible to string_view to be appended
4222	* from.
4223	* @param __pos The position in the string_view to append from.
4224	* @param __n The number of characters to append from the string_view.
4225	* @return Reference to this string.
4226	*/
4227	template<typename _Tp>
4228	_If_sv<_Tp, basic_string&>
4229	append(const _Tp& __svt, size_type __pos, size_type __n = npos)
4230	{
4231	__sv_type __sv = __svt;
4232	return append(__sv.data()
4233	+ __sv._M_check(__pos, "basic_string::append"),
4234	__sv._M_limit(__pos, __n));
4235	}
4236	#endif // C++17
4237
4238	/**
4239	* @brief Append a single character.
4240	* @param __c Character to append.
4241	*/
4242	void
4243	push_back(_CharT __c)
4244	{
4245	const size_type __len = 1 + this->size();
4246	if (__len > this->capacity() \|\| _M_rep()->_M_is_shared())
4247	this->reserve(__len);
4248	traits_type::assign(_M_data()[this->size()], __c);
4249	_M_rep()->_M_set_length_and_sharable(__len);
4250	}
4251
4252	/**
4253	* @brief Set value to contents of another string.
4254	* @param __str Source string to use.
4255	* @return Reference to this string.
4256	*/
4257	basic_string&
4258	assign(const basic_string& __str);
4259
4260	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
4261	/**
4262	* @brief Set value to contents of another string.
4263	* @param __str Source string to use.
4264	* @return Reference to this string.
4265	*
4266	* This function sets this string to the exact contents of @a __str.
4267	* @a __str is a valid, but unspecified string.
4268	*/
4269	// PR 58265, this should be noexcept.
4270	basic_string&
4271	assign(basic_string&& __str)
4272	{
4273	this->swap(__str);
4274	return *this;
4275	}
4276	#endif // C++11
4277
4278	/**
4279	* @brief Set value to a substring of a string.
4280	* @param __str The string to use.
4281	* @param __pos Index of the first character of str.
4282	* @param __n Number of characters to use.
4283	* @return Reference to this string.
4284	* @throw std::out_of_range if @a pos is not a valid index.
4285	*
4286	* This function sets this string to the substring of @a __str
4287	* consisting of @a __n characters at @a __pos. If @a __n is
4288	* is larger than the number of available characters in @a
4289	* __str, the remainder of @a __str is used.
4290	*/
4291	basic_string&
4292	assign(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos, size_type __n = npos)
4293	{ return this->assign(__str._M_data()
4294	+ __str._M_check(__pos, "basic_string::assign"),
4295	__str._M_limit(__pos, __n)); }
4296
4297	/**
4298	* @brief Set value to a C substring.
4299	* @param __s The C string to use.
4300	* @param __n Number of characters to use.
4301	* @return Reference to this string.
4302	*
4303	* This function sets the value of this string to the first @a __n
4304	* characters of @a __s. If @a __n is is larger than the number of
4305	* available characters in @a __s, the remainder of @a __s is used.
4306	*/
4307	basic_string&
4308	assign(const _CharT* __s, size_type __n);
4309
4310	/**
4311	* @brief Set value to contents of a C string.
4312	* @param __s The C string to use.
4313	* @return Reference to this string.
4314	*
4315	* This function sets the value of this string to the value of @a __s.
4316	* The data is copied, so there is no dependence on @a __s once the
4317	* function returns.
4318	*/
4319	basic_string&
4320	assign(const _CharT* __s)
4321	{
4322	__glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
4323	return this->assign(__s, traits_type::length(__s));
4324	}
4325
4326	/**
4327	* @brief Set value to multiple characters.
4328	* @param __n Length of the resulting string.
4329	* @param __c The character to use.
4330	* @return Reference to this string.
4331	*
4332	* This function sets the value of this string to @a __n copies of
4333	* character @a __c.
4334	*/
4335	basic_string&
4336	assign(size_type __n, _CharT __c)
4337	{ return _M_replace_aux(size_type(0), this->size(), __n, __c); }
4338
4339	/**
4340	* @brief Set value to a range of characters.
4341	* @param __first Iterator referencing the first character to append.
4342	* @param __last Iterator marking the end of the range.
4343	* @return Reference to this string.
4344	*
4345	* Sets value of string to characters in the range [__first,__last).
4346	*/
4347	template<class _InputIterator>
4348	basic_string&
4349	assign(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last)
4350	{ return this->replace(_M_ibegin(), _M_iend(), __first, __last); }
4351
4352	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
4353	/**
4354	* @brief Set value to an initializer_list of characters.
4355	* @param __l The initializer_list of characters to assign.
4356	* @return Reference to this string.
4357	*/
4358	basic_string&
4359	assign(initializer_list<_CharT> __l)
4360	{ return this->assign(__l.begin(), __l.size()); }
4361	#endif // C++11
4362
4363	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
4364	/**
4365	* @brief Set value from a string_view.
4366	* @param __svt The source object convertible to string_view.
4367	* @return Reference to this string.
4368	*/
4369	template<typename _Tp>
4370	_If_sv<_Tp, basic_string&>
4371	assign(const _Tp& __svt)
4372	{
4373	__sv_type __sv = __svt;
4374	return this->assign(__sv.data(), __sv.size());
4375	}
4376
4377	/**
4378	* @brief Set value from a range of characters in a string_view.
4379	* @param __svt The source object convertible to string_view.
4380	* @param __pos The position in the string_view to assign from.
4381	* @param __n The number of characters to assign.
4382	* @return Reference to this string.
4383	*/
4384	template<typename _Tp>
4385	_If_sv<_Tp, basic_string&>
4386	assign(const _Tp& __svt, size_type __pos, size_type __n = npos)
4387	{
4388	__sv_type __sv = __svt;
4389	return assign(__sv.data()
4390	+ __sv._M_check(__pos, "basic_string::assign"),
4391	__sv._M_limit(__pos, __n));
4392	}
4393	#endif // C++17
4394
4395	/**
4396	* @brief Insert multiple characters.
4397	* @param __p Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
4398	* @param __n Number of characters to insert
4399	* @param __c The character to insert.
4400	* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
4401	*
4402	* Inserts @a __n copies of character @a __c starting at the
4403	* position referenced by iterator @a __p. If adding
4404	* characters causes the length to exceed max_size(),
4405	* length_error is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
4406	* change if an error is thrown.
4407	*/
4408	void
4409	insert(iterator __p, size_type __n, _CharT __c)
4410	{ this->replace(__p, __p, __n, __c); }
4411
4412	/**
4413	* @brief Insert a range of characters.
4414	* @param __p Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
4415	* @param __beg Start of range.
4416	* @param __end End of range.
4417	* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
4418	*
4419	* Inserts characters in range [__beg,__end). If adding
4420	* characters causes the length to exceed max_size(),
4421	* length_error is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
4422	* change if an error is thrown.
4423	*/
4424	template<class _InputIterator>
4425	void
4426	insert(iterator __p, _InputIterator __beg, _InputIterator __end)
4427	{ this->replace(__p, __p, __beg, __end); }
4428
4429	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
4430	/**
4431	* @brief Insert an initializer_list of characters.
4432	* @param __p Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
4433	* @param __l The initializer_list of characters to insert.
4434	* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
4435	*/
4436	void
4437	insert(iterator __p, initializer_list<_CharT> __l)
4438	{
4439	_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__p >= _M_ibegin() && __p <= _M_iend());
4440	this->insert(__p - _M_ibegin(), __l.begin(), __l.size());
4441	}
4442	#endif // C++11
4443
4444	/**
4445	* @brief Insert value of a string.
4446	* @param __pos1 Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
4447	* @param __str The string to insert.
4448	* @return Reference to this string.
4449	* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
4450	*
4451	* Inserts value of @a __str starting at @a __pos1. If adding
4452	* characters causes the length to exceed max_size(),
4453	* length_error is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
4454	* change if an error is thrown.
4455	*/
4456	basic_string&
4457	insert(size_type __pos1, const basic_string& __str)
4458	{ return this->insert(__pos1, __str, size_type(0), __str.size()); }
4459
4460	/**
4461	* @brief Insert a substring.
4462	* @param __pos1 Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
4463	* @param __str The string to insert.
4464	* @param __pos2 Start of characters in str to insert.
4465	* @param __n Number of characters to insert.
4466	* @return Reference to this string.
4467	* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
4468	* @throw std::out_of_range If @a pos1 > size() or
4469	* @a __pos2 > @a str.size().
4470	*
4471	* Starting at @a pos1, insert @a __n character of @a __str
4472	* beginning with @a __pos2. If adding characters causes the
4473	* length to exceed max_size(), length_error is thrown. If @a
4474	* __pos1 is beyond the end of this string or @a __pos2 is
4475	* beyond the end of @a __str, out_of_range is thrown. The
4476	* value of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
4477	*/
4478	basic_string&
4479	insert(size_type __pos1, const basic_string& __str,
4480	size_type __pos2, size_type __n = npos)
4481	{ return this->insert(__pos1, __str._M_data()
4482	+ __str._M_check(__pos2, "basic_string::insert"),
4483	__str._M_limit(__pos2, __n)); }
4484
4485	/**
4486	* @brief Insert a C substring.
4487	* @param __pos Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
4488	* @param __s The C string to insert.
4489	* @param __n The number of characters to insert.
4490	* @return Reference to this string.
4491	* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
4492	* @throw std::out_of_range If @a __pos is beyond the end of this
4493	* string.
4494	*
4495	* Inserts the first @a __n characters of @a __s starting at @a
4496	* __pos. If adding characters causes the length to exceed
4497	* max_size(), length_error is thrown. If @a __pos is beyond
4498	* end(), out_of_range is thrown. The value of the string
4499	* doesn't change if an error is thrown.
4500	*/
4501	basic_string&
4502	insert(size_type __pos, const _CharT* __s, size_type __n);
4503
4504	/**
4505	* @brief Insert a C string.
4506	* @param __pos Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
4507	* @param __s The C string to insert.
4508	* @return Reference to this string.
4509	* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
4510	* @throw std::out_of_range If @a pos is beyond the end of this
4511	* string.
4512	*
4513	* Inserts the first @a n characters of @a __s starting at @a __pos. If
4514	* adding characters causes the length to exceed max_size(),
4515	* length_error is thrown. If @a __pos is beyond end(), out_of_range is
4516	* thrown. The value of the string doesn't change if an error is
4517	* thrown.
4518	*/
4519	basic_string&
4520	insert(size_type __pos, const _CharT* __s)
4521	{
4522	__glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
4523	return this->insert(__pos, __s, traits_type::length(__s));
4524	}
4525
4526	/**
4527	* @brief Insert multiple characters.
4528	* @param __pos Index in string to insert at.
4529	* @param __n Number of characters to insert
4530	* @param __c The character to insert.
4531	* @return Reference to this string.
4532	* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
4533	* @throw std::out_of_range If @a __pos is beyond the end of this
4534	* string.
4535	*
4536	* Inserts @a __n copies of character @a __c starting at index
4537	* @a __pos. If adding characters causes the length to exceed
4538	* max_size(), length_error is thrown. If @a __pos > length(),
4539	* out_of_range is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
4540	* change if an error is thrown.
4541	*/
4542	basic_string&
4543	insert(size_type __pos, size_type __n, _CharT __c)
4544	{ return _M_replace_aux(_M_check(__pos, "basic_string::insert"),
4545	size_type(0), __n, __c); }
4546
4547	/**
4548	* @brief Insert one character.
4549	* @param __p Iterator referencing position in string to insert at.
4550	* @param __c The character to insert.
4551	* @return Iterator referencing newly inserted char.
4552	* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
4553	*
4554	* Inserts character @a __c at position referenced by @a __p.
4555	* If adding character causes the length to exceed max_size(),
4556	* length_error is thrown. If @a __p is beyond end of string,
4557	* out_of_range is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
4558	* change if an error is thrown.
4559	*/
4560	iterator
4561	insert(iterator __p, _CharT __c)
4562	{
4563	_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__p >= _M_ibegin() && __p <= _M_iend());
4564	const size_type __pos = __p - _M_ibegin();
4565	_M_replace_aux(__pos, size_type(0), size_type(1), __c);
4566	_M_rep()->_M_set_leaked();
4567	return iterator(_M_data() + __pos);
4568	}
4569
4570	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
4571	/**
4572	* @brief Insert a string_view.
4573	* @param __pos Iterator referencing position in string to insert at.
4574	* @param __svt The object convertible to string_view to insert.
4575	* @return Reference to this string.
4576	*/
4577	template<typename _Tp>
4578	_If_sv<_Tp, basic_string&>
4579	insert(size_type __pos, const _Tp& __svt)
4580	{
4581	__sv_type __sv = __svt;
4582	return this->insert(__pos, __sv.data(), __sv.size());
4583	}
4584
4585	/**
4586	* @brief Insert a string_view.
4587	* @param __pos Iterator referencing position in string to insert at.
4588	* @param __svt The object convertible to string_view to insert from.
4589	* @param __pos Iterator referencing position in string_view to insert
4590	* from.
4591	* @param __n The number of characters to insert.
4592	* @return Reference to this string.
4593	*/
4594	template<typename _Tp>
4595	_If_sv<_Tp, basic_string&>
4596	insert(size_type __pos1, const _Tp& __svt,
4597	size_type __pos2, size_type __n = npos)
4598	{
4599	__sv_type __sv = __svt;
4600	return this->replace(__pos1, size_type(0), __sv.data()
4601	+ __sv._M_check(__pos2, "basic_string::insert"),
4602	__sv._M_limit(__pos2, __n));
4603	}
4604	#endif // C++17
4605
4606	/**
4607	* @brief Remove characters.
4608	* @param __pos Index of first character to remove (default 0).
4609	* @param __n Number of characters to remove (default remainder).
4610	* @return Reference to this string.
4611	* @throw std::out_of_range If @a pos is beyond the end of this
4612	* string.
4613	*
4614	* Removes @a __n characters from this string starting at @a
4615	* __pos. The length of the string is reduced by @a __n. If
4616	* there are < @a __n characters to remove, the remainder of
4617	* the string is truncated. If @a __p is beyond end of string,
4618	* out_of_range is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
4619	* change if an error is thrown.
4620	*/
4621	basic_string&
4622	erase(size_type __pos = 0, size_type __n = npos)
4623	{
4624	_M_mutate(_M_check(__pos, "basic_string::erase"),
4625	_M_limit(__pos, __n), size_type(0));
4626	return *this;
4627	}
4628
4629	/**
4630	* @brief Remove one character.
4631	* @param __position Iterator referencing the character to remove.
4632	* @return iterator referencing same location after removal.
4633	*
4634	* Removes the character at @a __position from this string. The value
4635	* of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
4636	*/
4637	iterator
4638	erase(iterator __position)
4639	{
4640	_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__position >= _M_ibegin()
4641	&& __position < _M_iend());
4642	const size_type __pos = __position - _M_ibegin();
4643	_M_mutate(__pos, size_type(1), size_type(0));
4644	_M_rep()->_M_set_leaked();
4645	return iterator(_M_data() + __pos);
4646	}
4647
4648	/**
4649	* @brief Remove a range of characters.
4650	* @param __first Iterator referencing the first character to remove.
4651	* @param __last Iterator referencing the end of the range.
4652	* @return Iterator referencing location of first after removal.
4653	*
4654	* Removes the characters in the range [first,last) from this string.
4655	* The value of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
4656	*/
4657	iterator
4658	erase(iterator __first, iterator __last);
4659
4660	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
4661	/**
4662	* @brief Remove the last character.
4663	*
4664	* The string must be non-empty.
4665	*/
4666	void
4667	pop_back() // FIXME C++11: should be noexcept.
4668	{
4669	__glibcxx_assert(!empty());
4670	erase(size() - 1, 1);
4671	}
4672	#endif // C++11
4673
4674	/**
4675	* @brief Replace characters with value from another string.
4676	* @param __pos Index of first character to replace.
4677	* @param __n Number of characters to be replaced.
4678	* @param __str String to insert.
4679	* @return Reference to this string.
4680	* @throw std::out_of_range If @a pos is beyond the end of this
4681	* string.
4682	* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
4683	*
4684	* Removes the characters in the range [__pos,__pos+__n) from
4685	* this string. In place, the value of @a __str is inserted.
4686	* If @a __pos is beyond end of string, out_of_range is thrown.
4687	* If the length of the result exceeds max_size(), length_error
4688	* is thrown. The value of the string doesn't change if an
4689	* error is thrown.
4690	*/
4691	basic_string&
4692	replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n, const basic_string& __str)
4693	{ return this->replace(__pos, __n, __str._M_data(), __str.size()); }
4694
4695	/**
4696	* @brief Replace characters with value from another string.
4697	* @param __pos1 Index of first character to replace.
4698	* @param __n1 Number of characters to be replaced.
4699	* @param __str String to insert.
4700	* @param __pos2 Index of first character of str to use.
4701	* @param __n2 Number of characters from str to use.
4702	* @return Reference to this string.
4703	* @throw std::out_of_range If @a __pos1 > size() or @a __pos2 >
4704	* __str.size().
4705	* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
4706	*
4707	* Removes the characters in the range [__pos1,__pos1 + n) from this
4708	* string. In place, the value of @a __str is inserted. If @a __pos is
4709	* beyond end of string, out_of_range is thrown. If the length of the
4710	* result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown. The value of the
4711	* string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
4712	*/
4713	basic_string&
4714	replace(size_type __pos1, size_type __n1, const basic_string& __str,
4715	size_type __pos2, size_type __n2 = npos)
4716	{ return this->replace(__pos1, __n1, __str._M_data()
4717	+ __str._M_check(__pos2, "basic_string::replace"),
4718	__str._M_limit(__pos2, __n2)); }
4719
4720	/**
4721	* @brief Replace characters with value of a C substring.
4722	* @param __pos Index of first character to replace.
4723	* @param __n1 Number of characters to be replaced.
4724	* @param __s C string to insert.
4725	* @param __n2 Number of characters from @a s to use.
4726	* @return Reference to this string.
4727	* @throw std::out_of_range If @a pos1 > size().
4728	* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
4729	*
4730	* Removes the characters in the range [__pos,__pos + __n1)
4731	* from this string. In place, the first @a __n2 characters of
4732	* @a __s are inserted, or all of @a __s if @a __n2 is too large. If
4733	* @a __pos is beyond end of string, out_of_range is thrown. If
4734	* the length of result exceeds max_size(), length_error is
4735	* thrown. The value of the string doesn't change if an error
4736	* is thrown.
4737	*/
4738	basic_string&
4739	replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, const _CharT* __s,
4740	size_type __n2);
4741
4742	/**
4743	* @brief Replace characters with value of a C string.
4744	* @param __pos Index of first character to replace.
4745	* @param __n1 Number of characters to be replaced.
4746	* @param __s C string to insert.
4747	* @return Reference to this string.
4748	* @throw std::out_of_range If @a pos > size().
4749	* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
4750	*
4751	* Removes the characters in the range [__pos,__pos + __n1)
4752	* from this string. In place, the characters of @a __s are
4753	* inserted. If @a __pos is beyond end of string, out_of_range
4754	* is thrown. If the length of result exceeds max_size(),
4755	* length_error is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
4756	* change if an error is thrown.
4757	*/
4758	basic_string&
4759	replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, const _CharT* __s)
4760	{
4761	__glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
4762	return this->replace(__pos, __n1, __s, traits_type::length(__s));
4763	}
4764
4765	/**
4766	* @brief Replace characters with multiple characters.
4767	* @param __pos Index of first character to replace.
4768	* @param __n1 Number of characters to be replaced.
4769	* @param __n2 Number of characters to insert.
4770	* @param __c Character to insert.
4771	* @return Reference to this string.
4772	* @throw std::out_of_range If @a __pos > size().
4773	* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
4774	*
4775	* Removes the characters in the range [pos,pos + n1) from this
4776	* string. In place, @a __n2 copies of @a __c are inserted.
4777	* If @a __pos is beyond end of string, out_of_range is thrown.
4778	* If the length of result exceeds max_size(), length_error is
4779	* thrown. The value of the string doesn't change if an error
4780	* is thrown.
4781	*/
4782	basic_string&
4783	replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, size_type __n2, _CharT __c)
4784	{ return _M_replace_aux(_M_check(__pos, "basic_string::replace"),
4785	_M_limit(__pos, __n1), __n2, __c); }
4786
4787	/**
4788	* @brief Replace range of characters with string.
4789	* @param __i1 Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
4790	* @param __i2 Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
4791	* @param __str String value to insert.
4792	* @return Reference to this string.
4793	* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
4794	*
4795	* Removes the characters in the range [__i1,__i2). In place,
4796	* the value of @a __str is inserted. If the length of result
4797	* exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown. The value of
4798	* the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
4799	*/
4800	basic_string&
4801	replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, const basic_string& __str)
4802	{ return this->replace(__i1, __i2, __str._M_data(), __str.size()); }
4803
4804	/**
4805	* @brief Replace range of characters with C substring.
4806	* @param __i1 Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
4807	* @param __i2 Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
4808	* @param __s C string value to insert.
4809	* @param __n Number of characters from s to insert.
4810	* @return Reference to this string.
4811	* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
4812	*
4813	* Removes the characters in the range [__i1,__i2). In place,
4814	* the first @a __n characters of @a __s are inserted. If the
4815	* length of result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown.
4816	* The value of the string doesn't change if an error is
4817	* thrown.
4818	*/
4819	basic_string&
4820	replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, const _CharT* __s, size_type __n)
4821	{
4822	_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(_M_ibegin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
4823	&& __i2 <= _M_iend());
4824	return this->replace(__i1 - _M_ibegin(), __i2 - __i1, __s, __n);
4825	}
4826
4827	/**
4828	* @brief Replace range of characters with C string.
4829	* @param __i1 Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
4830	* @param __i2 Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
4831	* @param __s C string value to insert.
4832	* @return Reference to this string.
4833	* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
4834	*
4835	* Removes the characters in the range [__i1,__i2). In place,
4836	* the characters of @a __s are inserted. If the length of
4837	* result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown. The
4838	* value of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
4839	*/
4840	basic_string&
4841	replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, const _CharT* __s)
4842	{
4843	__glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
4844	return this->replace(__i1, __i2, __s, traits_type::length(__s));
4845	}
4846
4847	/**
4848	* @brief Replace range of characters with multiple characters
4849	* @param __i1 Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
4850	* @param __i2 Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
4851	* @param __n Number of characters to insert.
4852	* @param __c Character to insert.
4853	* @return Reference to this string.
4854	* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
4855	*
4856	* Removes the characters in the range [__i1,__i2). In place,
4857	* @a __n copies of @a __c are inserted. If the length of
4858	* result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown. The
4859	* value of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
4860	*/
4861	basic_string&
4862	replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, size_type __n, _CharT __c)
4863	{
4864	_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(_M_ibegin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
4865	&& __i2 <= _M_iend());
4866	return _M_replace_aux(__i1 - _M_ibegin(), __i2 - __i1, __n, __c);
4867	}
4868
4869	/**
4870	* @brief Replace range of characters with range.
4871	* @param __i1 Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
4872	* @param __i2 Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
4873	* @param __k1 Iterator referencing start of range to insert.
4874	* @param __k2 Iterator referencing end of range to insert.
4875	* @return Reference to this string.
4876	* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
4877	*
4878	* Removes the characters in the range [__i1,__i2). In place,
4879	* characters in the range [__k1,__k2) are inserted. If the
4880	* length of result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown.
4881	* The value of the string doesn't change if an error is
4882	* thrown.
4883	*/
4884	template<class _InputIterator>
4885	basic_string&
4886	replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2,
4887	_InputIterator __k1, _InputIterator __k2)
4888	{
4889	_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(_M_ibegin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
4890	&& __i2 <= _M_iend());
4891	__glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
4892	typedef typename std::__is_integer<_InputIterator>::__type _Integral;
4893	return _M_replace_dispatch(__i1, __i2, __k1, __k2, _Integral());
4894	}
4895
4896	// Specializations for the common case of pointer and iterator:
4897	// useful to avoid the overhead of temporary buffering in _M_replace.
4898	basic_string&
4899	replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, _CharT* __k1, _CharT* __k2)
4900	{
4901	_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(_M_ibegin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
4902	&& __i2 <= _M_iend());
4903	__glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
4904	return this->replace(__i1 - _M_ibegin(), __i2 - __i1,
4905	__k1, __k2 - __k1);
4906	}
4907
4908	basic_string&
4909	replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2,
4910	const _CharT* __k1, const _CharT* __k2)
4911	{
4912	_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(_M_ibegin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
4913	&& __i2 <= _M_iend());
4914	__glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
4915	return this->replace(__i1 - _M_ibegin(), __i2 - __i1,
4916	__k1, __k2 - __k1);
4917	}
4918
4919	basic_string&
4920	replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, iterator __k1, iterator __k2)
4921	{
4922	_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(_M_ibegin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
4923	&& __i2 <= _M_iend());
4924	__glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
4925	return this->replace(__i1 - _M_ibegin(), __i2 - __i1,
4926	__k1.base(), __k2 - __k1);
4927	}
4928
4929	basic_string&
4930	replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2,
4931	const_iterator __k1, const_iterator __k2)
4932	{
4933	_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(_M_ibegin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
4934	&& __i2 <= _M_iend());
4935	__glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
4936	return this->replace(__i1 - _M_ibegin(), __i2 - __i1,
4937	__k1.base(), __k2 - __k1);
4938	}
4939
4940	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
4941	/**
4942	* @brief Replace range of characters with initializer_list.
4943	* @param __i1 Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
4944	* @param __i2 Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
4945	* @param __l The initializer_list of characters to insert.
4946	* @return Reference to this string.
4947	* @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
4948	*
4949	* Removes the characters in the range [__i1,__i2). In place,
4950	* characters in the range [__k1,__k2) are inserted. If the
4951	* length of result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown.
4952	* The value of the string doesn't change if an error is
4953	* thrown.
4954	*/
4955	basic_string& replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2,
4956	initializer_list<_CharT> __l)
4957	{ return this->replace(__i1, __i2, __l.begin(), __l.end()); }
4958	#endif // C++11
4959
4960	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
4961	/**
4962	* @brief Replace range of characters with string_view.
4963	* @param __pos The position to replace at.
4964	* @param __n The number of characters to replace.
4965	* @param __svt The object convertible to string_view to insert.
4966	* @return Reference to this string.
4967	*/
4968	template<typename _Tp>
4969	_If_sv<_Tp, basic_string&>
4970	replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n, const _Tp& __svt)
4971	{
4972	__sv_type __sv = __svt;
4973	return this->replace(__pos, __n, __sv.data(), __sv.size());
4974	}
4975
4976	/**
4977	* @brief Replace range of characters with string_view.
4978	* @param __pos1 The position to replace at.
4979	* @param __n1 The number of characters to replace.
4980	* @param __svt The object convertible to string_view to insert from.
4981	* @param __pos2 The position in the string_view to insert from.
4982	* @param __n2 The number of characters to insert.
4983	* @return Reference to this string.
4984	*/
4985	template<typename _Tp>
4986	_If_sv<_Tp, basic_string&>
4987	replace(size_type __pos1, size_type __n1, const _Tp& __svt,
4988	size_type __pos2, size_type __n2 = npos)
4989	{
4990	__sv_type __sv = __svt;
4991	return this->replace(__pos1, __n1,
4992	__sv.data() + __sv._M_check(__pos2, "basic_string::replace"),
4993	__sv._M_limit(__pos2, __n2));
4994	}
4995
4996	/**
4997	* @brief Replace range of characters with string_view.
4998	* @param __i1 An iterator referencing the start position
4999	to replace at.
5000	* @param __i2 An iterator referencing the end position
5001	for the replace.
5002	* @param __svt The object convertible to string_view to insert from.
5003	* @return Reference to this string.
5004	*/
5005	template<typename _Tp>
5006	_If_sv<_Tp, basic_string&>
5007	replace(const_iterator __i1, const_iterator __i2, const _Tp& __svt)
5008	{
5009	__sv_type __sv = __svt;
5010	return this->replace(__i1 - begin(), __i2 - __i1, __sv);
5011	}
5012	#endif // C++17
5013
5014	private:
5015	template<class _Integer>
5016	basic_string&
5017	_M_replace_dispatch(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, _Integer __n,
5018	_Integer __val, __true_type)
5019	{ return _M_replace_aux(__i1 - _M_ibegin(), __i2 - __i1, __n, __val); }
5020
5021	template<class _InputIterator>
5022	basic_string&
5023	_M_replace_dispatch(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, _InputIterator __k1,
5024	_InputIterator __k2, __false_type);
5025
5026	basic_string&
5027	_M_replace_aux(size_type __pos1, size_type __n1, size_type __n2,
5028	_CharT __c);
5029
5030	basic_string&
5031	_M_replace_safe(size_type __pos1, size_type __n1, const _CharT* __s,
5032	size_type __n2);
5033
5034	// _S_construct_aux is used to implement the 21.3.1 para 15 which
5035	// requires special behaviour if _InIter is an integral type
5036	template<class _InIterator>
5037	static _CharT*
5038	_S_construct_aux(_InIterator __beg, _InIterator __end,
5039	const _Alloc& __a, __false_type)
5040	{
5041	typedef typename iterator_traits<_InIterator>::iterator_category _Tag;
5042	return _S_construct(__beg, __end, __a, _Tag());
5043	}
5044
5045	// _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
5046	// 438. Ambiguity in the "do the right thing" clause
5047	template<class _Integer>
5048	static _CharT*
5049	_S_construct_aux(_Integer __beg, _Integer __end,
5050	const _Alloc& __a, __true_type)
5051	{ return _S_construct_aux_2(static_cast<size_type>(__beg),
5052	__end, __a); }
5053
5054	static _CharT*
5055	_S_construct_aux_2(size_type __req, _CharT __c, const _Alloc& __a)
5056	{ return _S_construct(__req, __c, __a); }
5057
5058	template<class _InIterator>
5059	static _CharT*
5060	_S_construct(_InIterator __beg, _InIterator __end, const _Alloc& __a)
5061	{
5062	typedef typename std::__is_integer<_InIterator>::__type _Integral;
5063	return _S_construct_aux(__beg, __end, __a, _Integral());
5064	}
5065
5066	// For Input Iterators, used in istreambuf_iterators, etc.
5067	template<class _InIterator>
5068	static _CharT*
5069	_S_construct(_InIterator __beg, _InIterator __end, const _Alloc& __a,
5070	input_iterator_tag);
5071
5072	// For forward_iterators up to random_access_iterators, used for
5073	// string::iterator, _CharT*, etc.
5074	template<class _FwdIterator>
5075	static _CharT*
5076	_S_construct(_FwdIterator __beg, _FwdIterator __end, const _Alloc& __a,
5077	forward_iterator_tag);
5078
5079	static _CharT*
5080	_S_construct(size_type __req, _CharT __c, const _Alloc& __a);
5081
5082	public:
5083
5084	/**
5085	* @brief Copy substring into C string.
5086	* @param __s C string to copy value into.
5087	* @param __n Number of characters to copy.
5088	* @param __pos Index of first character to copy.
5089	* @return Number of characters actually copied
5090	* @throw std::out_of_range If __pos > size().
5091	*
5092	* Copies up to @a __n characters starting at @a __pos into the
5093	* C string @a __s. If @a __pos is %greater than size(),
5094	* out_of_range is thrown.
5095	*/
5096	size_type
5097	copy(_CharT* __s, size_type __n, size_type __pos = 0) const;
5098
5099	/**
5100	* @brief Swap contents with another string.
5101	* @param __s String to swap with.
5102	*
5103	* Exchanges the contents of this string with that of @a __s in constant
5104	* time.
5105	*/
5106	// PR 58265, this should be noexcept.
5107	void
5108	swap(basic_string& __s);
5109
5110	// String operations:
5111	/**
5112	* @brief Return const pointer to null-terminated contents.
5113	*
5114	* This is a handle to internal data. Do not modify or dire things may
5115	* happen.
5116	*/
5117	const _CharT*
5118	c_str() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
5119	{ return _M_data(); }
5120
5121	/**
5122	* @brief Return const pointer to contents.
5123	*
5124	* This is a pointer to internal data. It is undefined to modify
5125	* the contents through the returned pointer. To get a pointer that
5126	* allows modifying the contents use @c &str[0] instead,
5127	* (or in C++17 the non-const @c str.data() overload).
5128	*/
5129	const _CharT*
5130	data() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
5131	{ return _M_data(); }
5132
5133	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
5134	/**
5135	* @brief Return non-const pointer to contents.
5136	*
5137	* This is a pointer to the character sequence held by the string.
5138	* Modifying the characters in the sequence is allowed.
5139	*/
5140	_CharT*
5141	data() noexcept
5142	{
5143	_M_leak();
5144	return _M_data();
5145	}
5146	#endif
5147
5148	/**
5149	* @brief Return copy of allocator used to construct this string.
5150	*/
5151	allocator_type
5152	get_allocator() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
5153	{ return _M_dataplus; }
5154
5155	/**
5156	* @brief Find position of a C substring.
5157	* @param __s C string to locate.
5158	* @param __pos Index of character to search from.
5159	* @param __n Number of characters from @a s to search for.
5160	* @return Index of start of first occurrence.
5161	*
5162	* Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for the first @a
5163	* __n characters in @a __s within this string. If found,
5164	* returns the index where it begins. If not found, returns
5165	* npos.
5166	*/
5167	size_type
5168	find(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos, size_type __n) const
5169	_GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
5170
5171	/**
5172	* @brief Find position of a string.
5173	* @param __str String to locate.
5174	* @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
5175	* @return Index of start of first occurrence.
5176	*
5177	* Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for value of @a __str within
5178	* this string. If found, returns the index where it begins. If not
5179	* found, returns npos.
5180	*/
5181	size_type
5182	find(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = 0) const
5183	_GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
5184	{ return this->find(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
5185
5186	/**
5187	* @brief Find position of a C string.
5188	* @param __s C string to locate.
5189	* @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
5190	* @return Index of start of first occurrence.
5191	*
5192	* Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for the value of @a
5193	* __s within this string. If found, returns the index where
5194	* it begins. If not found, returns npos.
5195	*/
5196	size_type
5197	find(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = 0) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
5198	{
5199	__glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
5200	return this->find(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
5201	}
5202
5203	/**
5204	* @brief Find position of a character.
5205	* @param __c Character to locate.
5206	* @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
5207	* @return Index of first occurrence.
5208	*
5209	* Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for @a __c within
5210	* this string. If found, returns the index where it was
5211	* found. If not found, returns npos.
5212	*/
5213	size_type
5214	find(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = 0) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
5215
5216	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
5217	/**
5218	* @brief Find position of a string_view.
5219	* @param __svt The object convertible to string_view to locate.
5220	* @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
5221	* @return Index of start of first occurrence.
5222	*/
5223	template<typename _Tp>
5224	_If_sv<_Tp, size_type>
5225	find(const _Tp& __svt, size_type __pos = 0) const
5226	noexcept(is_same<_Tp, __sv_type>::value)
5227	{
5228	__sv_type __sv = __svt;
5229	return this->find(__sv.data(), __pos, __sv.size());
5230	}
5231	#endif // C++17
5232
5233	/**
5234	* @brief Find last position of a string.
5235	* @param __str String to locate.
5236	* @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
5237	* @return Index of start of last occurrence.
5238	*
5239	* Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for value of @a
5240	* __str within this string. If found, returns the index where
5241	* it begins. If not found, returns npos.
5242	*/
5243	size_type
5244	rfind(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = npos) const
5245	_GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
5246	{ return this->rfind(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
5247
5248	/**
5249	* @brief Find last position of a C substring.
5250	* @param __s C string to locate.
5251	* @param __pos Index of character to search back from.
5252	* @param __n Number of characters from s to search for.
5253	* @return Index of start of last occurrence.
5254	*
5255	* Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for the first @a
5256	* __n characters in @a __s within this string. If found,
5257	* returns the index where it begins. If not found, returns
5258	* npos.
5259	*/
5260	size_type
5261	rfind(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos, size_type __n) const
5262	_GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
5263
5264	/**
5265	* @brief Find last position of a C string.
5266	* @param __s C string to locate.
5267	* @param __pos Index of character to start search at (default end).
5268	* @return Index of start of last occurrence.
5269	*
5270	* Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for the value of
5271	* @a __s within this string. If found, returns the index
5272	* where it begins. If not found, returns npos.
5273	*/
5274	size_type
5275	rfind(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = npos) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
5276	{
5277	__glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
5278	return this->rfind(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
5279	}
5280
5281	/**
5282	* @brief Find last position of a character.
5283	* @param __c Character to locate.
5284	* @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
5285	* @return Index of last occurrence.
5286	*
5287	* Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for @a __c within
5288	* this string. If found, returns the index where it was
5289	* found. If not found, returns npos.
5290	*/
5291	size_type
5292	rfind(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = npos) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
5293
5294	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
5295	/**
5296	* @brief Find last position of a string_view.
5297	* @param __svt The object convertible to string_view to locate.
5298	* @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
5299	* @return Index of start of last occurrence.
5300	*/
5301	template<typename _Tp>
5302	_If_sv<_Tp, size_type>
5303	rfind(const _Tp& __svt, size_type __pos = npos) const
5304	noexcept(is_same<_Tp, __sv_type>::value)
5305	{
5306	__sv_type __sv = __svt;
5307	return this->rfind(__sv.data(), __pos, __sv.size());
5308	}
5309	#endif // C++17
5310
5311	/**
5312	* @brief Find position of a character of string.
5313	* @param __str String containing characters to locate.
5314	* @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
5315	* @return Index of first occurrence.
5316	*
5317	* Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for one of the
5318	* characters of @a __str within this string. If found,
5319	* returns the index where it was found. If not found, returns
5320	* npos.
5321	*/
5322	size_type
5323	find_first_of(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = 0) const
5324	_GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
5325	{ return this->find_first_of(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
5326
5327	/**
5328	* @brief Find position of a character of C substring.
5329	* @param __s String containing characters to locate.
5330	* @param __pos Index of character to search from.
5331	* @param __n Number of characters from s to search for.
5332	* @return Index of first occurrence.
5333	*
5334	* Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for one of the
5335	* first @a __n characters of @a __s within this string. If
5336	* found, returns the index where it was found. If not found,
5337	* returns npos.
5338	*/
5339	size_type
5340	find_first_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos, size_type __n) const
5341	_GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
5342
5343	/**
5344	* @brief Find position of a character of C string.
5345	* @param __s String containing characters to locate.
5346	* @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
5347	* @return Index of first occurrence.
5348	*
5349	* Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for one of the
5350	* characters of @a __s within this string. If found, returns
5351	* the index where it was found. If not found, returns npos.
5352	*/
5353	size_type
5354	find_first_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = 0) const
5355	_GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
5356	{
5357	__glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
5358	return this->find_first_of(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
5359	}
5360
5361	/**
5362	* @brief Find position of a character.
5363	* @param __c Character to locate.
5364	* @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
5365	* @return Index of first occurrence.
5366	*
5367	* Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for the character
5368	* @a __c within this string. If found, returns the index
5369	* where it was found. If not found, returns npos.
5370	*
5371	* Note: equivalent to find(__c, __pos).
5372	*/
5373	size_type
5374	find_first_of(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = 0) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
5375	{ return this->find(__c, __pos); }
5376
5377	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
5378	/**
5379	* @brief Find position of a character of a string_view.
5380	* @param __svt An object convertible to string_view containing
5381	* characters to locate.
5382	* @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
5383	* @return Index of first occurrence.
5384	*/
5385	template<typename _Tp>
5386	_If_sv<_Tp, size_type>
5387	find_first_of(const _Tp& __svt, size_type __pos = 0) const
5388	noexcept(is_same<_Tp, __sv_type>::value)
5389	{
5390	__sv_type __sv = __svt;
5391	return this->find_first_of(__sv.data(), __pos, __sv.size());
5392	}
5393	#endif // C++17
5394
5395	/**
5396	* @brief Find last position of a character of string.
5397	* @param __str String containing characters to locate.
5398	* @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
5399	* @return Index of last occurrence.
5400	*
5401	* Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for one of the
5402	* characters of @a __str within this string. If found,
5403	* returns the index where it was found. If not found, returns
5404	* npos.
5405	*/
5406	size_type
5407	find_last_of(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = npos) const
5408	_GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
5409	{ return this->find_last_of(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
5410
5411	/**
5412	* @brief Find last position of a character of C substring.
5413	* @param __s C string containing characters to locate.
5414	* @param __pos Index of character to search back from.
5415	* @param __n Number of characters from s to search for.
5416	* @return Index of last occurrence.
5417	*
5418	* Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for one of the
5419	* first @a __n characters of @a __s within this string. If
5420	* found, returns the index where it was found. If not found,
5421	* returns npos.
5422	*/
5423	size_type
5424	find_last_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos, size_type __n) const
5425	_GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
5426
5427	/**
5428	* @brief Find last position of a character of C string.
5429	* @param __s C string containing characters to locate.
5430	* @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
5431	* @return Index of last occurrence.
5432	*
5433	* Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for one of the
5434	* characters of @a __s within this string. If found, returns
5435	* the index where it was found. If not found, returns npos.
5436	*/
5437	size_type
5438	find_last_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = npos) const
5439	_GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
5440	{
5441	__glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
5442	return this->find_last_of(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
5443	}
5444
5445	/**
5446	* @brief Find last position of a character.
5447	* @param __c Character to locate.
5448	* @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
5449	* @return Index of last occurrence.
5450	*
5451	* Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for @a __c within
5452	* this string. If found, returns the index where it was
5453	* found. If not found, returns npos.
5454	*
5455	* Note: equivalent to rfind(__c, __pos).
5456	*/
5457	size_type
5458	find_last_of(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = npos) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
5459	{ return this->rfind(__c, __pos); }
5460
5461	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
5462	/**
5463	* @brief Find last position of a character of string.
5464	* @param __svt An object convertible to string_view containing
5465	* characters to locate.
5466	* @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
5467	* @return Index of last occurrence.
5468	*/
5469	template<typename _Tp>
5470	_If_sv<_Tp, size_type>
5471	find_last_of(const _Tp& __svt, size_type __pos = npos) const
5472	noexcept(is_same<_Tp, __sv_type>::value)
5473	{
5474	__sv_type __sv = __svt;
5475	return this->find_last_of(__sv.data(), __pos, __sv.size());
5476	}
5477	#endif // C++17
5478
5479	/**
5480	* @brief Find position of a character not in string.
5481	* @param __str String containing characters to avoid.
5482	* @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
5483	* @return Index of first occurrence.
5484	*
5485	* Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for a character not contained
5486	* in @a __str within this string. If found, returns the index where it
5487	* was found. If not found, returns npos.
5488	*/
5489	size_type
5490	find_first_not_of(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = 0) const
5491	_GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
5492	{ return this->find_first_not_of(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
5493
5494	/**
5495	* @brief Find position of a character not in C substring.
5496	* @param __s C string containing characters to avoid.
5497	* @param __pos Index of character to search from.
5498	* @param __n Number of characters from __s to consider.
5499	* @return Index of first occurrence.
5500	*
5501	* Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for a character not
5502	* contained in the first @a __n characters of @a __s within
5503	* this string. If found, returns the index where it was
5504	* found. If not found, returns npos.
5505	*/
5506	size_type
5507	find_first_not_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos,
5508	size_type __n) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
5509
5510	/**
5511	* @brief Find position of a character not in C string.
5512	* @param __s C string containing characters to avoid.
5513	* @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
5514	* @return Index of first occurrence.
5515	*
5516	* Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for a character not
5517	* contained in @a __s within this string. If found, returns
5518	* the index where it was found. If not found, returns npos.
5519	*/
5520	size_type
5521	find_first_not_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = 0) const
5522	_GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
5523	{
5524	__glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
5525	return this->find_first_not_of(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
5526	}
5527
5528	/**
5529	* @brief Find position of a different character.
5530	* @param __c Character to avoid.
5531	* @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
5532	* @return Index of first occurrence.
5533	*
5534	* Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for a character
5535	* other than @a __c within this string. If found, returns the
5536	* index where it was found. If not found, returns npos.
5537	*/
5538	size_type
5539	find_first_not_of(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = 0) const
5540	_GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
5541
5542	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
5543	/**
5544	* @brief Find position of a character not in a string_view.
5545	* @param __svt An object convertible to string_view containing
5546	* characters to avoid.
5547	* @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
5548	* @return Index of first occurrence.
5549	*/
5550	template<typename _Tp>
5551	_If_sv<_Tp, size_type>
5552	find_first_not_of(const _Tp& __svt, size_type __pos = 0) const
5553	noexcept(is_same<_Tp, __sv_type>::value)
5554	{
5555	__sv_type __sv = __svt;
5556	return this->find_first_not_of(__sv.data(), __pos, __sv.size());
5557	}
5558	#endif // C++17
5559
5560	/**
5561	* @brief Find last position of a character not in string.
5562	* @param __str String containing characters to avoid.
5563	* @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
5564	* @return Index of last occurrence.
5565	*
5566	* Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for a character
5567	* not contained in @a __str within this string. If found,
5568	* returns the index where it was found. If not found, returns
5569	* npos.
5570	*/
5571	size_type
5572	find_last_not_of(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = npos) const
5573	_GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
5574	{ return this->find_last_not_of(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
5575
5576	/**
5577	* @brief Find last position of a character not in C substring.
5578	* @param __s C string containing characters to avoid.
5579	* @param __pos Index of character to search back from.
5580	* @param __n Number of characters from s to consider.
5581	* @return Index of last occurrence.
5582	*
5583	* Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for a character not
5584	* contained in the first @a __n characters of @a __s within this string.
5585	* If found, returns the index where it was found. If not found,
5586	* returns npos.
5587	*/
5588	size_type
5589	find_last_not_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos,
5590	size_type __n) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
5591	/**
5592	* @brief Find last position of a character not in C string.
5593	* @param __s C string containing characters to avoid.
5594	* @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
5595	* @return Index of last occurrence.
5596	*
5597	* Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for a character
5598	* not contained in @a __s within this string. If found,
5599	* returns the index where it was found. If not found, returns
5600	* npos.
5601	*/
5602	size_type
5603	find_last_not_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = npos) const
5604	_GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
5605	{
5606	__glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
5607	return this->find_last_not_of(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
5608	}
5609
5610	/**
5611	* @brief Find last position of a different character.
5612	* @param __c Character to avoid.
5613	* @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
5614	* @return Index of last occurrence.
5615	*
5616	* Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for a character other than
5617	* @a __c within this string. If found, returns the index where it was
5618	* found. If not found, returns npos.
5619	*/
5620	size_type
5621	find_last_not_of(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = npos) const
5622	_GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
5623
5624	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
5625	/**
5626	* @brief Find last position of a character not in a string_view.
5627	* @param __svt An object convertible to string_view containing
5628	* characters to avoid.
5629	* @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
5630	* @return Index of last occurrence.
5631	*/
5632	template<typename _Tp>
5633	_If_sv<_Tp, size_type>
5634	find_last_not_of(const _Tp& __svt, size_type __pos = npos) const
5635	noexcept(is_same<_Tp, __sv_type>::value)
5636	{
5637	__sv_type __sv = __svt;
5638	return this->find_last_not_of(__sv.data(), __pos, __sv.size());
5639	}
5640	#endif // C++17
5641
5642	/**
5643	* @brief Get a substring.
5644	* @param __pos Index of first character (default 0).
5645	* @param __n Number of characters in substring (default remainder).
5646	* @return The new string.
5647	* @throw std::out_of_range If __pos > size().
5648	*
5649	* Construct and return a new string using the @a __n
5650	* characters starting at @a __pos. If the string is too
5651	* short, use the remainder of the characters. If @a __pos is
5652	* beyond the end of the string, out_of_range is thrown.
5653	*/
5654	basic_string
5655	substr(size_type __pos = 0, size_type __n = npos) const
5656	{ return basic_string(*this,
5657	_M_check(__pos, "basic_string::substr"), __n); }
5658
5659	/**
5660	* @brief Compare to a string.
5661	* @param __str String to compare against.
5662	* @return Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
5663	*
5664	* Returns an integer < 0 if this string is ordered before @a
5665	* __str, 0 if their values are equivalent, or > 0 if this
5666	* string is ordered after @a __str. Determines the effective
5667	* length rlen of the strings to compare as the smallest of
5668	* size() and str.size(). The function then compares the two
5669	* strings by calling traits::compare(data(), str.data(),rlen).
5670	* If the result of the comparison is nonzero returns it,
5671	* otherwise the shorter one is ordered first.
5672	*/
5673	int
5674	compare(const basic_string& __str) const
5675	{
5676	const size_type __size = this->size();
5677	const size_type __osize = __str.size();
5678	const size_type __len = std::min(__size, __osize);
5679
5680	int __r = traits_type::compare(_M_data(), __str.data(), __len);
5681	if (!__r)
5682	__r = _S_compare(__size, __osize);
5683	return __r;
5684	}
5685
5686	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
5687	/**
5688	* @brief Compare to a string_view.
5689	* @param __svt An object convertible to string_view to compare against.
5690	* @return Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
5691	*/
5692	template<typename _Tp>
5693	_If_sv<_Tp, int>
5694	compare(const _Tp& __svt) const
5695	noexcept(is_same<_Tp, __sv_type>::value)
5696	{
5697	__sv_type __sv = __svt;
5698	const size_type __size = this->size();
5699	const size_type __osize = __sv.size();
5700	const size_type __len = std::min(__size, __osize);
5701
5702	int __r = traits_type::compare(_M_data(), __sv.data(), __len);
5703	if (!__r)
5704	__r = _S_compare(__size, __osize);
5705	return __r;
5706	}
5707
5708	/**
5709	* @brief Compare to a string_view.
5710	* @param __pos A position in the string to start comparing from.
5711	* @param __n The number of characters to compare.
5712	* @param __svt An object convertible to string_view to compare
5713	* against.
5714	* @return Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
5715	*/
5716	template<typename _Tp>
5717	_If_sv<_Tp, int>
5718	compare(size_type __pos, size_type __n, const _Tp& __svt) const
5719	noexcept(is_same<_Tp, __sv_type>::value)
5720	{
5721	__sv_type __sv = __svt;
5722	return __sv_type(*this).substr(__pos, __n).compare(__sv);
5723	}
5724
5725	/**
5726	* @brief Compare to a string_view.
5727	* @param __pos1 A position in the string to start comparing from.
5728	* @param __n1 The number of characters to compare.
5729	* @param __svt An object convertible to string_view to compare
5730	* against.
5731	* @param __pos2 A position in the string_view to start comparing from.
5732	* @param __n2 The number of characters to compare.
5733	* @return Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
5734	*/
5735	template<typename _Tp>
5736	_If_sv<_Tp, int>
5737	compare(size_type __pos1, size_type __n1, const _Tp& __svt,
5738	size_type __pos2, size_type __n2 = npos) const
5739	noexcept(is_same<_Tp, __sv_type>::value)
5740	{
5741	__sv_type __sv = __svt;
5742	return __sv_type(*this)
5743	.substr(__pos1, __n1).compare(__sv.substr(__pos2, __n2));
5744	}
5745	#endif // C++17
5746
5747	/**
5748	* @brief Compare substring to a string.
5749	* @param __pos Index of first character of substring.
5750	* @param __n Number of characters in substring.
5751	* @param __str String to compare against.
5752	* @return Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
5753	*
5754	* Form the substring of this string from the @a __n characters
5755	* starting at @a __pos. Returns an integer < 0 if the
5756	* substring is ordered before @a __str, 0 if their values are
5757	* equivalent, or > 0 if the substring is ordered after @a
5758	* __str. Determines the effective length rlen of the strings
5759	* to compare as the smallest of the length of the substring
5760	* and @a __str.size(). The function then compares the two
5761	* strings by calling
5762	* traits::compare(substring.data(),str.data(),rlen). If the
5763	* result of the comparison is nonzero returns it, otherwise
5764	* the shorter one is ordered first.
5765	*/
5766	int
5767	compare(size_type __pos, size_type __n, const basic_string& __str) const;
5768
5769	/**
5770	* @brief Compare substring to a substring.
5771	* @param __pos1 Index of first character of substring.
5772	* @param __n1 Number of characters in substring.
5773	* @param __str String to compare against.
5774	* @param __pos2 Index of first character of substring of str.
5775	* @param __n2 Number of characters in substring of str.
5776	* @return Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
5777	*
5778	* Form the substring of this string from the @a __n1
5779	* characters starting at @a __pos1. Form the substring of @a
5780	* __str from the @a __n2 characters starting at @a __pos2.
5781	* Returns an integer < 0 if this substring is ordered before
5782	* the substring of @a __str, 0 if their values are equivalent,
5783	* or > 0 if this substring is ordered after the substring of
5784	* @a __str. Determines the effective length rlen of the
5785	* strings to compare as the smallest of the lengths of the
5786	* substrings. The function then compares the two strings by
5787	* calling
5788	* traits::compare(substring.data(),str.substr(pos2,n2).data(),rlen).
5789	* If the result of the comparison is nonzero returns it,
5790	* otherwise the shorter one is ordered first.
5791	*/
5792	int
5793	compare(size_type __pos1, size_type __n1, const basic_string& __str,
5794	size_type __pos2, size_type __n2 = npos) const;
5795
5796	/**
5797	* @brief Compare to a C string.
5798	* @param __s C string to compare against.
5799	* @return Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
5800	*
5801	* Returns an integer < 0 if this string is ordered before @a __s, 0 if
5802	* their values are equivalent, or > 0 if this string is ordered after
5803	* @a __s. Determines the effective length rlen of the strings to
5804	* compare as the smallest of size() and the length of a string
5805	* constructed from @a __s. The function then compares the two strings
5806	* by calling traits::compare(data(),s,rlen). If the result of the
5807	* comparison is nonzero returns it, otherwise the shorter one is
5808	* ordered first.
5809	*/
5810	int
5811	compare(const _CharT* __s) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
5812
5813	// _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
5814	// 5 String::compare specification questionable
5815	/**
5816	* @brief Compare substring to a C string.
5817	* @param __pos Index of first character of substring.
5818	* @param __n1 Number of characters in substring.
5819	* @param __s C string to compare against.
5820	* @return Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
5821	*
5822	* Form the substring of this string from the @a __n1
5823	* characters starting at @a pos. Returns an integer < 0 if
5824	* the substring is ordered before @a __s, 0 if their values
5825	* are equivalent, or > 0 if the substring is ordered after @a
5826	* __s. Determines the effective length rlen of the strings to
5827	* compare as the smallest of the length of the substring and
5828	* the length of a string constructed from @a __s. The
5829	* function then compares the two string by calling
5830	* traits::compare(substring.data(),__s,rlen). If the result of
5831	* the comparison is nonzero returns it, otherwise the shorter
5832	* one is ordered first.
5833	*/
5834	int
5835	compare(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, const _CharT* __s) const;
5836
5837	/**
5838	* @brief Compare substring against a character %array.
5839	* @param __pos Index of first character of substring.
5840	* @param __n1 Number of characters in substring.
5841	* @param __s character %array to compare against.
5842	* @param __n2 Number of characters of s.
5843	* @return Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
5844	*
5845	* Form the substring of this string from the @a __n1
5846	* characters starting at @a __pos. Form a string from the
5847	* first @a __n2 characters of @a __s. Returns an integer < 0
5848	* if this substring is ordered before the string from @a __s,
5849	* 0 if their values are equivalent, or > 0 if this substring
5850	* is ordered after the string from @a __s. Determines the
5851	* effective length rlen of the strings to compare as the
5852	* smallest of the length of the substring and @a __n2. The
5853	* function then compares the two strings by calling
5854	* traits::compare(substring.data(),s,rlen). If the result of
5855	* the comparison is nonzero returns it, otherwise the shorter
5856	* one is ordered first.
5857	*
5858	* NB: s must have at least n2 characters, '\\0' has
5859	* no special meaning.
5860	*/
5861	int
5862	compare(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, const _CharT* __s,
5863	size_type __n2) const;
5864
5865	# ifdef _GLIBCXX_TM_TS_INTERNAL
5866	friend void
5867	::_txnal_cow_string_C1_for_exceptions(void* that, const char* s,
5868	void* exc);
5869	friend const char*
5870	::_txnal_cow_string_c_str(const void *that);
5871	friend void
5872	::_txnal_cow_string_D1(void *that);
5873	friend void
5874	::_txnal_cow_string_D1_commit(void *that);
5875	# endif
5876	};
5877	#endif // !_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI
5878
5879	// operator+
5880	/**
5881	* @brief Concatenate two strings.
5882	* @param __lhs First string.
5883	* @param __rhs Last string.
5884	* @return New string with value of @a __lhs followed by @a __rhs.
5885	*/
5886	template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
5887	basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>
5888	operator+(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
5889	const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
5890	{
5891	basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc> __str(__lhs);
5892	__str.append(__rhs);
5893	return __str;
5894	}
5895
5896	/**
5897	* @brief Concatenate C string and string.
5898	* @param __lhs First string.
5899	* @param __rhs Last string.
5900	* @return New string with value of @a __lhs followed by @a __rhs.
5901	*/
5902	template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
5903	basic_string<_CharT,_Traits,_Alloc>
5904	operator+(const _CharT* __lhs,
5905	const basic_string<_CharT,_Traits,_Alloc>& __rhs);
5906
5907	/**
5908	* @brief Concatenate character and string.
5909	* @param __lhs First string.
5910	* @param __rhs Last string.
5911	* @return New string with @a __lhs followed by @a __rhs.
5912	*/
5913	template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
5914	basic_string<_CharT,_Traits,_Alloc>
5915	operator+(_CharT __lhs, const basic_string<_CharT,_Traits,_Alloc>& __rhs);
5916
5917	/**
5918	* @brief Concatenate string and C string.
5919	* @param __lhs First string.
5920	* @param __rhs Last string.
5921	* @return New string with @a __lhs followed by @a __rhs.
5922	*/
5923	template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
5924	inline basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>
5925	operator+(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
5926	const _CharT* __rhs)
5927	{
5928	basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc> __str(__lhs);
5929	__str.append(__rhs);
5930	return __str;
5931	}
5932
5933	/**
5934	* @brief Concatenate string and character.
5935	* @param __lhs First string.
5936	* @param __rhs Last string.
5937	* @return New string with @a __lhs followed by @a __rhs.
5938	*/
5939	template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
5940	inline basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>
5941	operator+(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs, _CharT __rhs)
5942	{
5943	typedef basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc> __string_type;
5944	typedef typename __string_type::size_type __size_type;
5945	__string_type __str(__lhs);
5946	__str.append(__size_type(1), __rhs);
5947	return __str;
5948	}
5949
5950	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
5951	template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
5952	inline basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>
5953	operator+(basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>&& __lhs,
5954	const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
5955	{ return std::move(__lhs.append(__rhs)); }
5956
5957	template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
5958	inline basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>
5959	operator+(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
5960	basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>&& __rhs)
5961	{ return std::move(__rhs.insert(0, __lhs)); }
5962
5963	template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
5964	inline basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>
5965	operator+(basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>&& __lhs,
5966	basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>&& __rhs)
5967	{
5968	const auto __size = __lhs.size() + __rhs.size();
5969	const bool __cond = (__size > __lhs.capacity()
5970	&& __size <= __rhs.capacity());
5971	return __cond ? std::move(__rhs.insert(0, __lhs))
5972	: std::move(__lhs.append(__rhs));
5973	}
5974
5975	template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
5976	inline basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>
5977	operator+(const _CharT* __lhs,
5978	basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>&& __rhs)
5979	{ return std::move(__rhs.insert(0, __lhs)); }
5980
5981	template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
5982	inline basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>
5983	operator+(_CharT __lhs,
5984	basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>&& __rhs)
5985	{ return std::move(__rhs.insert(0, 1, __lhs)); }
5986
5987	template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
5988	inline basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>
5989	operator+(basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>&& __lhs,
5990	const _CharT* __rhs)
5991	{ return std::move(__lhs.append(__rhs)); }
5992
5993	template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
5994	inline basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>
5995	operator+(basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>&& __lhs,
5996	_CharT __rhs)
5997	{ return std::move(__lhs.append(1, __rhs)); }
5998	#endif
5999
6000	// operator ==
6001	/**
6002	* @brief Test equivalence of two strings.
6003	* @param __lhs First string.
6004	* @param __rhs Second string.
6005	* @return True if @a __lhs.compare(@a __rhs) == 0. False otherwise.
6006	*/
6007	template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
6008	inline bool
6009	operator==(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
6010	const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
6011	_GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
6012	{ return __lhs.compare(__rhs) == 0; }
6013
6014	template<typename _CharT>
6015	inline
6016	typename __gnu_cxx::__enable_if<__is_char<_CharT>::__value, bool>::__type
6017	operator==(const basic_string<_CharT>& __lhs,
6018	const basic_string<_CharT>& __rhs) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
6019	{ return (__lhs.size() == __rhs.size()
6020	&& !std::char_traits<_CharT>::compare(__lhs.data(), __rhs.data(),
6021	__lhs.size())); }
6022
6023	/**
6024	* @brief Test equivalence of C string and string.
6025	* @param __lhs C string.
6026	* @param __rhs String.
6027	* @return True if @a __rhs.compare(@a __lhs) == 0. False otherwise.
6028	*/
6029	template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
6030	inline bool
6031	operator==(const _CharT* __lhs,
6032	const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
6033	{ return __rhs.compare(__lhs) == 0; }
6034
6035	/**
6036	* @brief Test equivalence of string and C string.
6037	* @param __lhs String.
6038	* @param __rhs C string.
6039	* @return True if @a __lhs.compare(@a __rhs) == 0. False otherwise.
6040	*/
6041	template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
6042	inline bool
6043	operator==(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
6044	const _CharT* __rhs)
6045	{ return __lhs.compare(__rhs) == 0; }
6046
6047	// operator !=
6048	/**
6049	* @brief Test difference of two strings.
6050	* @param __lhs First string.
6051	* @param __rhs Second string.
6052	* @return True if @a __lhs.compare(@a __rhs) != 0. False otherwise.
6053	*/
6054	template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
6055	inline bool
6056	operator!=(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
6057	const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
6058	_GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
6059	{ return !(__lhs == __rhs); }
6060
6061	/**
6062	* @brief Test difference of C string and string.
6063	* @param __lhs C string.
6064	* @param __rhs String.
6065	* @return True if @a __rhs.compare(@a __lhs) != 0. False otherwise.
6066	*/
6067	template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
6068	inline bool
6069	operator!=(const _CharT* __lhs,
6070	const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
6071	{ return !(__lhs == __rhs); }
6072
6073	/**
6074	* @brief Test difference of string and C string.
6075	* @param __lhs String.
6076	* @param __rhs C string.
6077	* @return True if @a __lhs.compare(@a __rhs) != 0. False otherwise.
6078	*/
6079	template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
6080	inline bool
6081	operator!=(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
6082	const _CharT* __rhs)
6083	{ return !(__lhs == __rhs); }
6084
6085	// operator <
6086	/**
6087	* @brief Test if string precedes string.
6088	* @param __lhs First string.
6089	* @param __rhs Second string.
6090	* @return True if @a __lhs precedes @a __rhs. False otherwise.
6091	*/
6092	template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
6093	inline bool
6094	operator<(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
6095	const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
6096	_GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
6097	{ return __lhs.compare(__rhs) < 0; }
6098
6099	/**
6100	* @brief Test if string precedes C string.
6101	* @param __lhs String.
6102	* @param __rhs C string.
6103	* @return True if @a __lhs precedes @a __rhs. False otherwise.
6104	*/
6105	template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
6106	inline bool
6107	operator<(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
6108	const _CharT* __rhs)
6109	{ return __lhs.compare(__rhs) < 0; }
6110
6111	/**
6112	* @brief Test if C string precedes string.
6113	* @param __lhs C string.
6114	* @param __rhs String.
6115	* @return True if @a __lhs precedes @a __rhs. False otherwise.
6116	*/
6117	template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
6118	inline bool
6119	operator<(const _CharT* __lhs,
6120	const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
6121	{ return __rhs.compare(__lhs) > 0; }
6122
6123	// operator >
6124	/**
6125	* @brief Test if string follows string.
6126	* @param __lhs First string.
6127	* @param __rhs Second string.
6128	* @return True if @a __lhs follows @a __rhs. False otherwise.
6129	*/
6130	template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
6131	inline bool
6132	operator>(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
6133	const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
6134	_GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
6135	{ return __lhs.compare(__rhs) > 0; }
6136
6137	/**
6138	* @brief Test if string follows C string.
6139	* @param __lhs String.
6140	* @param __rhs C string.
6141	* @return True if @a __lhs follows @a __rhs. False otherwise.
6142	*/
6143	template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
6144	inline bool
6145	operator>(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
6146	const _CharT* __rhs)
6147	{ return __lhs.compare(__rhs) > 0; }
6148
6149	/**
6150	* @brief Test if C string follows string.
6151	* @param __lhs C string.
6152	* @param __rhs String.
6153	* @return True if @a __lhs follows @a __rhs. False otherwise.
6154	*/
6155	template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
6156	inline bool
6157	operator>(const _CharT* __lhs,
6158	const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
6159	{ return __rhs.compare(__lhs) < 0; }
6160
6161	// operator <=
6162	/**
6163	* @brief Test if string doesn't follow string.
6164	* @param __lhs First string.
6165	* @param __rhs Second string.
6166	* @return True if @a __lhs doesn't follow @a __rhs. False otherwise.
6167	*/
6168	template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
6169	inline bool
6170	operator<=(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
6171	const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
6172	_GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
6173	{ return __lhs.compare(__rhs) <= 0; }
6174
6175	/**
6176	* @brief Test if string doesn't follow C string.
6177	* @param __lhs String.
6178	* @param __rhs C string.
6179	* @return True if @a __lhs doesn't follow @a __rhs. False otherwise.
6180	*/
6181	template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
6182	inline bool
6183	operator<=(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
6184	const _CharT* __rhs)
6185	{ return __lhs.compare(__rhs) <= 0; }
6186
6187	/**
6188	* @brief Test if C string doesn't follow string.
6189	* @param __lhs C string.
6190	* @param __rhs String.
6191	* @return True if @a __lhs doesn't follow @a __rhs. False otherwise.
6192	*/
6193	template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
6194	inline bool
6195	operator<=(const _CharT* __lhs,
6196	const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
6197	{ return __rhs.compare(__lhs) >= 0; }
6198
6199	// operator >=
6200	/**
6201	* @brief Test if string doesn't precede string.
6202	* @param __lhs First string.
6203	* @param __rhs Second string.
6204	* @return True if @a __lhs doesn't precede @a __rhs. False otherwise.
6205	*/
6206	template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
6207	inline bool
6208	operator>=(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
6209	const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
6210	_GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
6211	{ return __lhs.compare(__rhs) >= 0; }
6212
6213	/**
6214	* @brief Test if string doesn't precede C string.
6215	* @param __lhs String.
6216	* @param __rhs C string.
6217	* @return True if @a __lhs doesn't precede @a __rhs. False otherwise.
6218	*/
6219	template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
6220	inline bool
6221	operator>=(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
6222	const _CharT* __rhs)
6223	{ return __lhs.compare(__rhs) >= 0; }
6224
6225	/**
6226	* @brief Test if C string doesn't precede string.
6227	* @param __lhs C string.
6228	* @param __rhs String.
6229	* @return True if @a __lhs doesn't precede @a __rhs. False otherwise.
6230	*/
6231	template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
6232	inline bool
6233	operator>=(const _CharT* __lhs,
6234	const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
6235	{ return __rhs.compare(__lhs) <= 0; }
6236
6237	/**
6238	* @brief Swap contents of two strings.
6239	* @param __lhs First string.
6240	* @param __rhs Second string.
6241	*
6242	* Exchanges the contents of @a __lhs and @a __rhs in constant time.
6243	*/
6244	template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
6245	inline void
6246	swap(basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
6247	basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
6248	_GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT_IF(noexcept(__lhs.swap(__rhs)))
6249	{ __lhs.swap(__rhs); }
6250
6251
6252	/**
6253	* @brief Read stream into a string.
6254	* @param __is Input stream.
6255	* @param __str Buffer to store into.
6256	* @return Reference to the input stream.
6257	*
6258	* Stores characters from @a __is into @a __str until whitespace is
6259	* found, the end of the stream is encountered, or str.max_size()
6260	* is reached. If is.width() is non-zero, that is the limit on the
6261	* number of characters stored into @a __str. Any previous
6262	* contents of @a __str are erased.
6263	*/
6264	template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
6265	basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
6266	operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
6267	basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __str);
6268
6269	template<>
6270	basic_istream<char>&
6271	operator>>(basic_istream<char>& __is, basic_string<char>& __str);
6272
6273	/**
6274	* @brief Write string to a stream.
6275	* @param __os Output stream.
6276	* @param __str String to write out.
6277	* @return Reference to the output stream.
6278	*
6279	* Output characters of @a __str into os following the same rules as for
6280	* writing a C string.
6281	*/
6282	template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
6283	inline basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
6284	operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
6285	const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __str)
6286	{
6287	// _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
6288	// 586. string inserter not a formatted function
6289	return __ostream_insert(__os, __str.data(), __str.size());
6290	}
6291
6292	/**
6293	* @brief Read a line from stream into a string.
6294	* @param __is Input stream.
6295	* @param __str Buffer to store into.
6296	* @param __delim Character marking end of line.
6297	* @return Reference to the input stream.
6298	*
6299	* Stores characters from @a __is into @a __str until @a __delim is
6300	* found, the end of the stream is encountered, or str.max_size()
6301	* is reached. Any previous contents of @a __str are erased. If
6302	* @a __delim is encountered, it is extracted but not stored into
6303	* @a __str.
6304	*/
6305	template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
6306	basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
6307	getline(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
6308	basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __str, _CharT __delim);
6309
6310	/**
6311	* @brief Read a line from stream into a string.
6312	* @param __is Input stream.
6313	* @param __str Buffer to store into.
6314	* @return Reference to the input stream.
6315	*
6316	* Stores characters from is into @a __str until '\n' is
6317	* found, the end of the stream is encountered, or str.max_size()
6318	* is reached. Any previous contents of @a __str are erased. If
6319	* end of line is encountered, it is extracted but not stored into
6320	* @a __str.
6321	*/
6322	template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
6323	inline basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
6324	getline(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
6325	basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __str)
6326	{ return std::getline(__is, __str, __is.widen('\n')); }
6327
6328	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
6329	/// Read a line from an rvalue stream into a string.
6330	template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
6331	inline basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
6332	getline(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&& __is,
6333	basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __str, _CharT __delim)
6334	{ return std::getline(__is, __str, __delim); }
6335
6336	/// Read a line from an rvalue stream into a string.
6337	template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
6338	inline basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
6339	getline(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&& __is,
6340	basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __str)
6341	{ return std::getline(__is, __str); }
6342	#endif
6343
6344	template<>
6345	basic_istream<char>&
6346	getline(basic_istream<char>& __in, basic_string<char>& __str,
6347	char __delim);
6348
6349	#ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T
6350	template<>
6351	basic_istream<wchar_t>&
6352	getline(basic_istream<wchar_t>& __in, basic_string<wchar_t>& __str,
6353	wchar_t __delim);
6354	#endif
6355
6356	_GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
6357	} // namespace
6358
6359	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
6360
6361	#include <ext/string_conversions.h>
6362
6363	namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
6364	{
6365	_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
6366	_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_CXX11
6367
6368	#if _GLIBCXX_USE_C99_STDLIB
6369	// 21.4 Numeric Conversions [string.conversions].
6370	inline int
6371	stoi(const string& __str, size_t* __idx = 0, int __base = 10)
6372	{ return __gnu_cxx::__stoa<long, int>(&std::strtol, "stoi", __str.c_str(),
6373	__idx, __base); }
6374
6375	inline long
6376	stol(const string& __str, size_t* __idx = 0, int __base = 10)
6377	{ return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::strtol, "stol", __str.c_str(),
6378	__idx, __base); }
6379
6380	inline unsigned long
6381	stoul(const string& __str, size_t* __idx = 0, int __base = 10)
6382	{ return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::strtoul, "stoul", __str.c_str(),
6383	__idx, __base); }
6384
6385	inline long long
6386	stoll(const string& __str, size_t* __idx = 0, int __base = 10)
6387	{ return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::strtoll, "stoll", __str.c_str(),
6388	__idx, __base); }
6389
6390	inline unsigned long long
6391	stoull(const string& __str, size_t* __idx = 0, int __base = 10)
6392	{ return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::strtoull, "stoull", __str.c_str(),
6393	__idx, __base); }
6394
6395	// NB: strtof vs strtod.
6396	inline float
6397	stof(const string& __str, size_t* __idx = 0)
6398	{ return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::strtof, "stof", __str.c_str(), __idx); }
6399
6400	inline double
6401	stod(const string& __str, size_t* __idx = 0)
6402	{ return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::strtod, "stod", __str.c_str(), __idx); }
6403
6404	inline long double
6405	stold(const string& __str, size_t* __idx = 0)
6406	{ return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::strtold, "stold", __str.c_str(), __idx); }
6407	#endif // _GLIBCXX_USE_C99_STDLIB
6408
6409	#if _GLIBCXX_USE_C99_STDIO
6410	// NB: (v)snprintf vs sprintf.
6411
6412	// DR 1261.
6413	inline string
6414	to_string(int __val)
6415	{ return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<string>(&std::vsnprintf, 4 * sizeof(int),
6416	"%d", __val); }
6417
6418	inline string
6419	to_string(unsigned __val)
6420	{ return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<string>(&std::vsnprintf,
6421	4 * sizeof(unsigned),
6422	"%u", __val); }
6423
6424	inline string
6425	to_string(long __val)
6426	{ return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<string>(&std::vsnprintf, 4 * sizeof(long),
6427	"%ld", __val); }
6428
6429	inline string
6430	to_string(unsigned long __val)
6431	{ return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<string>(&std::vsnprintf,
6432	4 * sizeof(unsigned long),
6433	"%lu", __val); }
6434
6435	inline string
6436	to_string(long long __val)
6437	{ return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<string>(&std::vsnprintf,
6438	4 * sizeof(long long),
6439	"%lld", __val); }
6440
6441	inline string
6442	to_string(unsigned long long __val)
6443	{ return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<string>(&std::vsnprintf,
6444	4 * sizeof(unsigned long long),
6445	"%llu", __val); }
6446
6447	inline string
6448	to_string(float __val)
6449	{
6450	const int __n =
6451	__gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<float>::__max_exponent10 + 20;
6452	return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<string>(&std::vsnprintf, __n,
6453	"%f", __val);
6454	}
6455
6456	inline string
6457	to_string(double __val)
6458	{
6459	const int __n =
6460	__gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<double>::__max_exponent10 + 20;
6461	return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<string>(&std::vsnprintf, __n,
6462	"%f", __val);
6463	}
6464
6465	inline string
6466	to_string(long double __val)
6467	{
6468	const int __n =
6469	__gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<long double>::__max_exponent10 + 20;
6470	return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<string>(&std::vsnprintf, __n,
6471	"%Lf", __val);
6472	}
6473	#endif // _GLIBCXX_USE_C99_STDIO
6474
6475	#if defined(_GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T) && _GLIBCXX_USE_C99_WCHAR
6476	inline int
6477	stoi(const wstring& __str, size_t* __idx = 0, int __base = 10)
6478	{ return __gnu_cxx::__stoa<long, int>(&std::wcstol, "stoi", __str.c_str(),
6479	__idx, __base); }
6480
6481	inline long
6482	stol(const wstring& __str, size_t* __idx = 0, int __base = 10)
6483	{ return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::wcstol, "stol", __str.c_str(),
6484	__idx, __base); }
6485
6486	inline unsigned long
6487	stoul(const wstring& __str, size_t* __idx = 0, int __base = 10)
6488	{ return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::wcstoul, "stoul", __str.c_str(),
6489	__idx, __base); }
6490
6491	inline long long
6492	stoll(const wstring& __str, size_t* __idx = 0, int __base = 10)
6493	{ return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::wcstoll, "stoll", __str.c_str(),
6494	__idx, __base); }
6495
6496	inline unsigned long long
6497	stoull(const wstring& __str, size_t* __idx = 0, int __base = 10)
6498	{ return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::wcstoull, "stoull", __str.c_str(),
6499	__idx, __base); }
6500
6501	// NB: wcstof vs wcstod.
6502	inline float
6503	stof(const wstring& __str, size_t* __idx = 0)
6504	{ return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::wcstof, "stof", __str.c_str(), __idx); }
6505
6506	inline double
6507	stod(const wstring& __str, size_t* __idx = 0)
6508	{ return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::wcstod, "stod", __str.c_str(), __idx); }
6509
6510	inline long double
6511	stold(const wstring& __str, size_t* __idx = 0)
6512	{ return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::wcstold, "stold", __str.c_str(), __idx); }
6513
6514	#ifndef _GLIBCXX_HAVE_BROKEN_VSWPRINTF
6515	// DR 1261.
6516	inline wstring
6517	to_wstring(int __val)
6518	{ return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<wstring>(&std::vswprintf, 4 * sizeof(int),
6519	L"%d", __val); }
6520
6521	inline wstring
6522	to_wstring(unsigned __val)
6523	{ return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<wstring>(&std::vswprintf,
6524	4 * sizeof(unsigned),
6525	L"%u", __val); }
6526
6527	inline wstring
6528	to_wstring(long __val)
6529	{ return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<wstring>(&std::vswprintf, 4 * sizeof(long),
6530	L"%ld", __val); }
6531
6532	inline wstring
6533	to_wstring(unsigned long __val)
6534	{ return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<wstring>(&std::vswprintf,
6535	4 * sizeof(unsigned long),
6536	L"%lu", __val); }
6537
6538	inline wstring
6539	to_wstring(long long __val)
6540	{ return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<wstring>(&std::vswprintf,
6541	4 * sizeof(long long),
6542	L"%lld", __val); }
6543
6544	inline wstring
6545	to_wstring(unsigned long long __val)
6546	{ return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<wstring>(&std::vswprintf,
6547	4 * sizeof(unsigned long long),
6548	L"%llu", __val); }
6549
6550	inline wstring
6551	to_wstring(float __val)
6552	{
6553	const int __n =
6554	__gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<float>::__max_exponent10 + 20;
6555	return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<wstring>(&std::vswprintf, __n,
6556	L"%f", __val);
6557	}
6558
6559	inline wstring
6560	to_wstring(double __val)
6561	{
6562	const int __n =
6563	__gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<double>::__max_exponent10 + 20;
6564	return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<wstring>(&std::vswprintf, __n,
6565	L"%f", __val);
6566	}
6567
6568	inline wstring
6569	to_wstring(long double __val)
6570	{
6571	const int __n =
6572	__gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<long double>::__max_exponent10 + 20;
6573	return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<wstring>(&std::vswprintf, __n,
6574	L"%Lf", __val);
6575	}
6576	#endif // _GLIBCXX_HAVE_BROKEN_VSWPRINTF
6577	#endif // _GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T && _GLIBCXX_USE_C99_WCHAR
6578
6579	_GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_CXX11
6580	_GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
6581	} // namespace
6582
6583	#endif /* C++11 */
6584
6585	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
6586
6587	#include <bits/functional_hash.h>
6588
6589	namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
6590	{
6591	_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
6592
6593	// DR 1182.
6594
6595	#ifndef _GLIBCXX_COMPATIBILITY_CXX0X
6596	/// std::hash specialization for string.
6597	template<>
6598	struct hash<string>
6599	: public __hash_base<size_t, string>
6600	{
6601	size_t
6602	operator()(const string& __s) const noexcept
6603	{ return std::_Hash_impl::hash(__s.data(), __s.length()); }
6604	};
6605
6606	template<>
6607	struct __is_fast_hash<hash<string>> : std::false_type
6608	{ };
6609
6610	#ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T
6611	/// std::hash specialization for wstring.
6612	template<>
6613	struct hash<wstring>
6614	: public __hash_base<size_t, wstring>
6615	{
6616	size_t
6617	operator()(const wstring& __s) const noexcept
6618	{ return std::_Hash_impl::hash(__s.data(),
6619	__s.length() * sizeof(wchar_t)); }
6620	};
6621
6622	template<>
6623	struct __is_fast_hash<hash<wstring>> : std::false_type
6624	{ };
6625	#endif
6626	#endif /* _GLIBCXX_COMPATIBILITY_CXX0X */
6627
6628	#ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_C99_STDINT_TR1
6629	/// std::hash specialization for u16string.
6630	template<>
6631	struct hash<u16string>
6632	: public __hash_base<size_t, u16string>
6633	{
6634	size_t
6635	operator()(const u16string& __s) const noexcept
6636	{ return std::_Hash_impl::hash(__s.data(),
6637	__s.length() * sizeof(char16_t)); }
6638	};
6639
6640	template<>
6641	struct __is_fast_hash<hash<u16string>> : std::false_type
6642	{ };
6643
6644	/// std::hash specialization for u32string.
6645	template<>
6646	struct hash<u32string>
6647	: public __hash_base<size_t, u32string>
6648	{
6649	size_t
6650	operator()(const u32string& __s) const noexcept
6651	{ return std::_Hash_impl::hash(__s.data(),
6652	__s.length() * sizeof(char32_t)); }
6653	};
6654
6655	template<>
6656	struct __is_fast_hash<hash<u32string>> : std::false_type
6657	{ };
6658	#endif
6659
6660	_GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
6661
6662	#if __cplusplus > 201103L
6663
6664	#define __cpp_lib_string_udls 201304
6665
6666	inline namespace literals
6667	{
6668	inline namespace string_literals
6669	{
6670	_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
6671
6672	_GLIBCXX_DEFAULT_ABI_TAG
6673	inline basic_string<char>
6674	operator""s(const char* __str, size_t __len)
6675	{ return basic_string<char>{__str, __len}; }
6676
6677	#ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T
6678	_GLIBCXX_DEFAULT_ABI_TAG
6679	inline basic_string<wchar_t>
6680	operator""s(const wchar_t* __str, size_t __len)
6681	{ return basic_string<wchar_t>{__str, __len}; }
6682	#endif
6683
6684	#ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_C99_STDINT_TR1
6685	_GLIBCXX_DEFAULT_ABI_TAG
6686	inline basic_string<char16_t>
6687	operator""s(const char16_t* __str, size_t __len)
6688	{ return basic_string<char16_t>{__str, __len}; }
6689
6690	_GLIBCXX_DEFAULT_ABI_TAG
6691	inline basic_string<char32_t>
6692	operator""s(const char32_t* __str, size_t __len)
6693	{ return basic_string<char32_t>{__str, __len}; }
6694	#endif
6695
6696	_GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
6697	} // inline namespace string_literals
6698	} // inline namespace literals
6699
6700	#endif // __cplusplus > 201103L
6701
6702	} // namespace std
6703
6704	#endif // C++11
6705
6706	#endif /* _BASIC_STRING_H */
6707